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1 1 (May 06, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdacc0001 and id is 1 raw text is: -c r s c n ...........~ May 6, 2020 Intelligence Community Support to Pandemic Preparedness and Response Congressional interest in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) includes understanding its origins, how it evolved into a global pandemic, and the effectiveness of measures to mitigate its impact on communities. Multiple government agencies are involved in responding to these queries both domestically and globally. The Intelligence Community (IC), for example, supports disease surveillance efforts of the Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The use of surveillance in the COVID-19 response has raised concerns among privacy and civil liberties advocates about what surveillance means, and which government agencies are responsible for implementing surveillance programs. There are also questions some have raised about what the United States knows about the origins of the pandemic and when it first learned of its existence. This In Focus describes and explains the IC's specific role in pandemic preparedness and response. Publ IChalt staurveanhrit othe ceton~og yt rad reportin anofin intformeation ntof hneti-rousdisatas especial iopn enforeigneninentvheal of pubICa sath inurxecutivieOre(EO)13,UntdSas Btisuc rilAncves, isThe provi e ofgthen Prrealdetim Naionoia Serty ~ rouncil than andelandoSecudiseasenci wtyn the neeay informatin o naH ehichn osederiston chincenn ea warnngladpment andcto ndo uch ffoeignret dearlye detecondompt p oliisnd tacin prteltho evotf anitd Steatlesitational awaress fro freign acrityTeI reptigoifomio relatdoevnt crto infets isgeasesll statdrino Executieig Ordeli(ene) 12333, Unite States Intelligence Activities, is to provide te President,.................................... National Security Council, and Homeland Security Council................................... with the necessary information on which to base decisions.................................. concening he dvelopent nd coductof.foeign defese,.nd. eonomc.poicis,.ad.th.proectin.o Unite States natioal.inerest.fro.foregn.seurit threats............. .... .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . Intllienc related . to.foreign.securitytreats.is.generall undertood.s.forign.itelliencewhic E....2333...... defines as information relating to the capabilities, intentions, or activities of foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, foreign persons, or international terrorists. Although foreign intelligence is primarily collected in a foreign environment, there are opportunities to collect foreign intelligence and counterintelligence domestically. The IC's authority to collect foreign intelligence and counterintelligence within the United States is subject to policies and procedures approved by the Attorney General. No foreign intelligence or counterintelligence may be collected domestically for the purpose of indirectly acquiring information about the domestic activities of U.S. persons. Medical intelligence is a category of foreign intelligence that the Department of Defense (DOD) defines as resulting from collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign medical, bio-scientific, and environmental information that is of interest to strategic planning and to military medical planning and operations for the conservation of the fighting strength of friendly forces and the formation of assessments of foreign medical capabilities in both military and civilian sectors. Medical intelligence related to a pandemic could include, for example, intelligence on the foreign origins of, foreign government reporting on, and responses to, a pandemic. The IC role in collecting and assessing medical intelligence may include corroborating information from secondary sources and providing original reporting on matters that may not be publicly available. Examples of medical intelligence that could be collected by the IC include information that might indicate efforts by a foreign government to conceal or manipulate material regarding a health emergency or evidence of efforts by terrorist groups to weaponize biological agents to attack the U.S. homeland or interests overseas. Medical intelligence could be used to assess possible human, political, and economic impacts of pandemics, such as threat to food and medical supply chains and the readiness of foreign or U.S. military forces. The National Intelligence Strategy of 2019 includes among its mission objectives the collection and analysis of information that provides indications and warning of events or changing conditions of concern to U.S. national security. The strategy identifies infectious disease as one of a number of pressure points that can exacerbate migration and refugee flows and contribute to international instability. B,, 'gmm mgnowgo 10 0\ ILU

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