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1 [1] (September 24, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govbbdu0001 and id is 1 raw text is: $ Congressional Research Ser~4ce ~ Informing the legislative debate since 1914 0 September 24, 2019 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Agricultural Research and Extension Congress reauthorizes, amends, and adds new programs and requirements to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) research, education, and extension activities through Title VII of the 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334). Provisions in Title VII of the 2018 farm bill focus primarily on extramural activities. For a complete list of provisions, see CRS Report R45525, The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison. Title VII amends four major federal statutes: the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-113 §§1401-1491); the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1980 (P.L. 10 1-624); the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-185); and the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110- 234). USDA Research and Extension USDA supports extramural (or externally conducted) research, education, and extension activities at universities and other facilities. USDA also supports intramural (or internally conducted) research done by federal scientists and researchers at USDA facilities. The USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) manages extramural programs. These include competitive grants, awarded to specific projects based on a peer-review process, and capacity grants, awarded to states based on formulas in statute. Some grants focus only on institutions in the land-grant university system (see CRS Report R45897, The U.S. Land-Grant University System: An Overview). Others may include additional eligible entities, including non-land-grant universities and community organizations. Figure 1 shows total funding amounts awarded by NIFA for research, extension, and integrated (combining research and extension) activities. Figure I. NIFA Funds Awarded by Type and Year 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 8013 600- 400 200 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Extension integrated Research Total Source: CRS from NIFA data gateway (https://nifa.usda.gov/data). Notes: Data reflect awards made, which may differ from authorized or appropriated funding levels. Values are in $millions. 2018 Farm Bill Provisions: Land-Grant Institutions Several provisions in the 2018 farm bill address aspects of the land-grant university system, which includes three institutional categories known as the 1862, 1890, and 1994 Institutions, named for the year of the acts establishing them: 1862 refers to the original, 1890 to the historically black, and 1994 to the tribal land-grant colleges and universities. 1890 Institutions Section 7115 addresses a discrepancy in how 1890 and 1862 land-grant institutions can manage federal research and extension capacity funds. It removes a prohibition on 1890 Institutions carrying over unexpended funds from one fiscal year to the next, which may facilitate longer-term planning. This change aligns carryover allowances for 1890 and 1862 Institutions. Another provision (§7116) addresses disparities in state matching funds for federal capacity grants provided to 1890 and 1862 Institutions. In some cases, matching requirements for 1890 Institutions can be waived, whereas they cannot be waived for most 1862 Institutions. This means that some 1890 Institutions may not receive 100% matching funds from their states. The 2018 farm bill provision requires USDA to report annually on federal capacity awards and state matching funds provided to 1890 and 1862 Institutions. Another provision (§7117) authorizes $40 million in total mandatory and $10 million in annual discretionary funds to establish a grant program for 1890 Institutions. These grants are to provide scholarships to students who intend to pursue careers in food and agricultural sciences. The 2018 farm bill (§7213) also calls for USDA to name at least three Centers of Excellence at 1890 Institutions focused on one or more of six identified areas. Centers are authorized annual appropriations of $10 million per year through FY2023. Tribal Students Section 7120 authorizes USDA to make competitive grants to land-grant institutions, including 1994 (tribal) Institutions, to support tribal students. Institutions may use the funds to support recruiting, tuition, experiential learning, and student services for tribal students. Institutions must provide 100% matching funds. Congress authorized $5 million annually in appropriations through FY2023. 2018 Farm Bill Provisions: New Programs and Initiatives Section 7132 establishes a pilot initiative under the USDA Office of the Chief Scientist. The Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority (AGARDA) targets long-term and high-risk research and development in agriculture and food that private industry is unlikely to https://crsreports.congress.go)

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