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1 1 (September 5, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govbayi0001 and id is 1 raw text is: a Congressional ____ SResearch Service New U.S. Sanctions on Venezuela September 5, 2019 In August 2019, the Trump Administration expanded Venezuela-related sanctions by blocking all assets and interests of the Nicolas Maduro government in the United States. It also authorized sanctions against those who materially support the Maduro government or others already designated for sanctions, with exemptions for humanitarian aid. Since recognizing Juan Guaid6, head of the National Assembly, as interim president of Venezuela in January 2019, the Administration has increased sanctions on the Maduro government in an effort to compel Maduro to leave office so a Guaid6-led transition government can convene free and fair elections. Sanctions have put economic pressure on the Maduro government, primarily by accelerating the decline in Venezuela's oil production and making it difficult for the Maduro government to sell oil in international markets. Sanctions, however, have not yet led to a political transition and arguably have contributed to deteriorating humanitarian conditions. New Sanctions Executive Order (E.O.) 13884, signed by President Trump on August 5, 2019, blocks all property of the Maduro government within the United States and prohibits all transactions within the United States involving the Maduro government. Several parts of the Maduro government, including specific government officials, the central bank, and the state-owned oil company, Petrdleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA), were subject to sanctions under earlier U.S. actions. E.O. 13884 applies sanctions to all Venezuelan government entities and state-owned enterprises. According to U.S. National Security Adviser John Bolton, the new sanctions strive to cut off Maduro financially, and accelerate a peaceful democratic transition. E.O. 13884 also calls for sanctions against non-U.S. individuals or entities determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods, or services to or in support of' the Maduro government. The order calls for sanctions on those determined to have acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly of the Maduro government. These sanctions on foreign individuals and entities include blocking U.S. assets and denying entry into the United States. Simultaneously with the signing of E.O. 13884, Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) amended 12 previously issued Venezuela-related general licenses and issued 13 new general licenses. The Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11163 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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