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                                                                  Order Code  RS20898
                                                           Updated  September  4, 2007





         CRS Report for Congress



      Elections Reform: Overview and Issues

                             Kevin J. Coleman
                Analyst in American  National Government
                    Government and Finance Division

                              Eric A. Fischer
               Senior Specialist in Science and  Technology
               Resources,   Science,  and  Industry Division

Summary


     Since the November 2000  Presidential election, previously obscure details of
 voting and vote counting have become the focus of ongoing public attention and
 legislative action at the state and federal levels. The Help America Vote Act (HAVA,
 P.L. 107-252) was enacted in October 2002, and states have made many changes to
 election laws and procedures before and since. HAVA created a new federal agency;
 set requirements for voting, voter-registration systems, and other aspects of election
 administration; and provided federal funding. However, it did not supplant state and
 local control over election administration. Issues in the 109' Congress included state
 compliance with HAVA requirements, voter identification and citizenship requirements
 for voting, funding, and paper audit trails for electronic voting systems. In the 1 10th
 Congress, the Senate Rules and Administration Committee has held a hearing on the
 reliability of electronic voting machines. The House Administration Committee has
 held four hearings' on the issue and reported an amended version of H.R. 811, which
 would require the use of paper ballots and mandatory partial recounts in federal
 elections. On June 26, the House passed H.R. 1281, which prohibits communication of
 false election-related information with the intent to prevent another person from
 exercising the right to vote. On June 28, the House passed H.R. 2829, which
 appropriates $300 million in payments to states for meeting HAVA requirements.
 Several other election-reform bills have been introduced, but none has received
 committee or floor action.

Voting   Systems and Election Administration

    While initial reactions after the 2000 election had tended to focus on technological
fixes such as eliminating punchcards, a consensus emerged subsequently that the issues,
and the solutions needed, were more complex and often involved trade-offs among


The hearings, by the Subconmmittee on Elections, were held on March 15, 19, 20, and 23, 2007.

          Congressional Research Service w  The Library of Congress
                Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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