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1 (January 5, 2006)

handle is hein.crs/crsuntaabzf0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code RS21686 Updated January 5, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary In each of the past six fiscal years (FY2001-FY2006), Congress has conditioned U.S. aid to Serbia on a presidential certification that Serbia has met certain conditions, including cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The second session of the 109th Congress may consider similar certification provisions in the FY2007 foreign aid bill. Supporters of aid conditionality say such provisions may have spurred Serbia's cooperation with the Tribunal. While the certification process continues to enjoy support in Congress, the Administration appears to favor ending it soon. This report will be updated as events warrant. For more information on Serbia and Montenegro, see CRS Report RL30371, Serbia and Montenegro: Current Situation and U.S. Policy, by Steven Woehrel. Background In each of the past six fiscal years (FY2001-FY2006), Congress has conditioned U.S. aid to Serbia after a certain date of that year on a presidential certification that Serbia has met three conditions. They are cooperating with the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY); ending support for separate Bosnian Serb institutions; and protecting minority rights and the rule of law, including the release of political prisoners. The provision also has recommended that U.S. support for loans from international financial institutions to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (the now-defunct federation of Serbia and Montenegro) be conditioned on the certification. The certification does not apply to aid to Montenegro, now Serbia's partner in a loose union simply called Serbia and Montenegro, or Kosovo, which is nominally a Serbian province but is administered by a U.N. mission. The provision also has not applied to humanitarian or democratization aid to Serbia.' The amounts of aid affected by these conditions may be relatively modest in the context of the global U.S. aid program, but are significant for Serbia and 1 Another provision in foreign operations appropriations bills in recent years has dealt with U.S. aid to Serbia (in the FY2006 bill, it is Section 561). It has conditioned U.S. aid to all countries, entities and municipalities in the region on cooperation with the ICTY. However, this provision has not been the main stumbling block to aid to Serbia, due to extensive use by the Administration of waiver authority in the legislation. Congressional Research Service 4- The Library of Congress

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