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CRS   INSIGHT


Drought Contingency Plans for the Colorado River

Basin

Updated October 19, 2018 (IN10984)




Related  Author


    *Charle V  SteiLrn




Charles V. Stern, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy (cstern@crs lc gov, 7-7786)

The Colorado River Basin is a critical source of water and power supplies for seven western states and Mexico. The
basin is in the midst of a long-term drought, and water levels at its two largest reservoirs, Lake Mead and Lake Powell,
could reach critically low levels. Building on several prior agreements, the basin states and the Bureau of Reclamation
(Reclamation) recently announced Drought Contingency Plans that aim to decrease the likelihood of major water and
power supply curtailments for users.

Colorado River Basin in Context

The Colorado River Basin (Figur-e 1) covers approximately 246,000 square miles, 97% of which are in the United
States. It includes the Colorado River and its tributaries, which cross the U.S. border into Mexico before discharging
into the Gulf of California. Pursuant to federal law, multiple federal facilities (e.g., H.over Dam and Glen Canyon Dam)
store and convey water from the river and its tributaries and generate hydropower for the southwestern United States.
The primary federal agency with jurisdiction over the river is Reclamation, an agency within the Department of the
Interior (DOI).


Figure 1. Colorado River Basin and Major Facilities

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