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1 [1] (July 26, 2018)

handle is hein.crs/crsmthzzbgi0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service Informir g the legislative debate since 1914 The European Union and China Background The European Economic Community (EEC), the predecessor to the European Union (EU), and China established diplomatic relations on May 6, 1975. The 42- year-old EU-China relationship began as a framework of economic cooperation but has evolved into a comprehensive political, economic, and relationship. Today, the EU's China policy prioritizes the search for reciprocal benefits in political and economic relations while advancing European values, such as the promotion of democracy, rule of law, human rights, and respect for the U.N. Charter's principles. Since 1998, the EU and China have held annual summits, alternating between Brussels and Beijing. The July 2018 summit was the latest example of the EU's long-term interest in, and maintenance of, its political and economic relations with China. At the 16th summit, held in November 2013, the EU and China launched the EU-China Strategic 2020 Agenda for Cooperation (http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/china docs/20131123_agenda 2020_en.pdf), which established the formal framework intended to guide EU-China relations until 2020. The Strategic 2020 Agenda is being implemented through three pillars of EU-China relations: a High-Level Strategic Dialogue, a High-Level Economic and Trade Dialogue, and a biannual People-to-People Dialogue established in 2012. Today, according to the EU, the EU and China have over 70 high-level and senior-level dialogues, working groups, and steering committees reflecting the wide-ranging scope of the relationship, including in areas such as cyber, transnational crime, economics, high-tech innovation, tourism, energy, and the environment. The EU and China also have agreed to further develop exchanges on legal affairs and digital connectivity. Political Dimension According to EU leadership, the EU's commitment to strengthening its political dialogue with China reflects Europe's recognition that China, as a growing economic and political power and an increasingly active member of the international community, can exert significant influence on an array of issues of global concern. In a world increasingly bound together by the forces of globalization, cooperation with China, bilaterally or within multilateral structures, has been defined as crucial to achieve progress in any number of important areas of mutual interest, including a security dimension and the environment. Through the Strategic 2020 dialogues, the EU and China have committed to enhancing direct contact and coordination. The EU and China hold an annual Strategic Dialogue to discuss bilateral relations, with a focus on foreign and security policy, at the level of the High Representative/Vice President on the EU side and the State Councilor for Foreign Affairs on the Chinese side. The EU's main approach is to engage China to promote China's transition to an open society based on the rule of law and respect for human rights; to encourage China's integration in the world economy; to support economic and social reform in China, and to raise the EU's profile in China. IuuukJgii UIC pCpCI-<CJICcALlalgc, IIIC Liut dliii k.1111da have committed to the continued development of sustainable tourism, which, according to both sides, is booming. Some 600 flights run daily between European and Chinese cities. Approximately 6 million Chinese visitors traveled to Europe in 2017. Another aspect of the EU-China dialogue is designed to promote intellectual exchanges between major cultural, scientific, and educational institutions. As part of this dialogue, the China-Europe International Business School and the EU-China School of Law have, for years, successfully trained business and legal experts to promote exchanges between China and Europe. More than 250,000 Chinese nationals are studying in Europe, and some 45,000 EU citizens are studying in China. Economic Dimension The EU and China are two of the biggest trading partners in the world, with EU-China trade increasing dramatically in recent years. China and Europe now trade an average of well overt 1 billion each day. Bilateral trade represents approximately 3.3% of the EU's GDP and close to 6% of China's GDP, underlining the large interdependence of China and the EU in terms of trade. www.crs.gov 7-5700 S July 26, 2018

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