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1 [1] (May 1, 2017)

handle is hein.crs/crsmthmbccg0001 and id is 1 raw text is: CRS INSIGHT Executive Order for Review of National Monuments May 1, 2017 (IN10696) Related Authors Sarol Hard in cn Laura A Hanson I Carol Hardy Vincent, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy (chyincQgngcrsJc gov, 7-8651) Laura A. Hanson, Senior Research Librarian (gv, 7-7072) The Antiquities Act of 1906 authorizes the President to proclaim national monuments on federal lands that contain historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest. The President is to reserve the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected. From 1906 to date, Presidents have established 157 monuments and have enlarged, diminished, or otherwise modified previously proclaimed monuments. On April 26, 2017, President Trump issued an c requiring the Secretary of the Department of the Interior (DOI) to review national monuments established or expanded by Presidents since 1996. (See Table 1.) The order requires review of national monuments where the size at establishment or after expansion exceeded 100,000 acres or where the Secretary determines that the action was taken without adequate public outreach and coordination. Of the monuments established and expanded since 1996, it appears that Presidents have established or expanded 26 national monuments exceeding 100,000 acres. These monuments are in 10 states and 4 marine areas. (See Table 2.) However, President Trump's executive order may apply to as many as 54 proclamations by three Presidents (Clinton, G. W. Bush, and Obama) establishing monuments since 1996, about one-third of all presidentially proclaimed monuments, and to as many as eight proclamations expanding monuments. The total area of these designations and expansions is approximately 774 million acres, or about 92% of all monument acreage proclaimed since enactment of the Antiquities Act. Most of this acreage is in marine areas designated or expanded by Presidents G. W. Bush and Obama. The executive order specifies factors for the DOI Secretary to evaluate in his review. It requires the Secretary to provide an interim report to the President within 45 days of the executive order's issuance on Bears Ears National Monument in Utah and other monuments he determines appropriate, as well as a final report within 120 days of its issuance on monuments reviewed under the executive order. These reports are to include recommendations for presidential actions, legislative proposals, or other actions. Like the President, Congress has created national monuments on federal lands and has increased and decreased monument sizes. Congress, but not the President, has abolished some monuments and converted others to different

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