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1 [1] (December 8, 2016)

handle is hein.crs/crsmthmbbzi0001 and id is 1 raw text is: De e Congressional Research Service If o rmrg the itive debate since 1914 Defense Primer: Cyberspace Operations 0 December 8, 2016 Overview The Department of Defense (DOD) has defined cyberspace as a global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. The DOD Information Network (DODIN) is a global infrastructure carrying DOD, national security, and related intelligence community information and intelligence. Cyberspace operations are composed of the military, intelligence, and ordinary business operations of the DOD in and through cyberspace. Military cyberspace operations use cyberspace capabilities to create effects that support operations across the physical domains and cyberspace. Cyberspace operations differ from information operations (1O), which are specifically concerned with the use of information-related capabilities, such as military information support operations or military deception, during military operations to affect the decision making of adversaries while protecting our own. 1O may use cyberspace as a medium, but it may also employ capabilities from the physical domains. Cyberspace operations are categorized into the following: * Offensive Cyberspace Operations, intended to project power by the application of force in and through cyberspace. These operations are authorized like operations in the physical domains. * Defensive Cyberspace Operations, to defend DOD or other friendly cyberspace. These are both passive and active defense operations and are conducted inside and outside of DODIN. * DODIN Operations, to design, build, configure, secure, operate, maintain, and sustain DOD communications systems and networks across the entire DODIN. Cyber Strategy In 2012, President Obama directed DOD to organize and plan to defend the nation against cyberattacks of significant consequence, in concert with other U.S. government agencies. The resulting DOD Cyber Strategy focuses on three primary cyber missions: 1. Defend DOD networks, systems, and information. 2. Defend the U.S. homeland and U.S. national interests against cyberattacks of significant consequence. 3. Provide cyber support to military operational and contingency plans. Guided by this strategy document, DOD began to build a Cyber Mission Force (CMF) in 2012 to carry out DOD's cyber missions. Cyber Mission Force The Cyber Mission Force consists of 133 teams that are organized to meet DOD's three cyber missions. Specifically, Cyber Mission Force teams support these mission sets though their respective assignments: * Cyber National Mission Force teams defend the nation by seeing adversary activity, blocking attacks, and maneuvering in cyberspace to defeat them. * Cyber Combat Mission Force teams conduct military cyber operations in support of combatant commands. * Cyber Protection Force teams defend the DOD information networks, protect priority missions, and prepare cyber forces for combat. * Cyber Support Teams provide analytic and planning support to National Mission and Combat Mission teams. Cyber Mission Force teams reached initial operating capability in October 2016. Currently comprising around 5,000 individuals, the cyber mission force is expected to grow to 6,200 by the end of 2018. Organizationally, the Cyber Mission Force is an entity of the United States Cyber Command. United States Cyber Command In response to the growing cyber threat, in 2009 the Secretary of Defense directed the establishment of a new military command devoted to cyber activities. USCYBERCOM is a sub-unified command, under the U.S. Strategic Command, whose stated mission is to direct the operations and defense of specified Department of Defense information networks and; prepare to, and when directed, conduct full spectrum military cyberspace operations in order to enable actions in all domains, ensure US/Allied freedom of action in cyberspace and deny the same to our adversaries. Previously existing components, such as the Joint Task Force for Global Network Operations (JTF- GNO) and the Joint Functional Component Command for Network Warfare (JFCC-NW), were absorbed by USCYBERCOM and reorganized to provide centralized planning for cyberspace operations. USCYBERCOM is commanded by a four-star general, who is also the director of the National Security Agency and chief of the Central Security Service. The commander manages day-to-day global cyberspace operations and leads defense and protection of DODIN. Each of the military services provides support to USECYBERCOM. www.crs.gov i 7-570

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