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[1] (May 31, 2016)

handle is hein.crs/crsmthabfzj0001 and id is 1 raw text is: CRS INSIGHT DOD's Rotation to the Philippines May 31, 2016 (IN10496) Related Author * Daniel H. Else Daniel H. Else, Specialist in National Defense (delse .crs oeov, 7-4996) The United States has long maintained a significant military presence in the Pacific, with permanent garrisons and regular deployments by ground, naval, and air forces and routine exercises with their local counterparts. In 2011-2012, the Department of Defense (DOD) announced its intention to rebalance by focusing more of its attention and activity on Asia. One goal is to influence the development of regional norms and rules, particularly as China exerts greater influence. On March 18, 2016, the United States and the Republic of the Philippines announced the selection of five military sites that will host a rotation of U.S. military units. This marks the first time that U.S. units will be welcomed by the Republic on regularly scheduled visits since the last permanent garrisons were withdrawn in 1992 (see CRS In Focus IF 10250, 1he Ph ilv2ines). The announcement identified five Philippine installations that would be configured to host U.S. units. Figure 1 locates these sites relative to the nation's capital, Manila, and the former U.S. installations of Clark Air Base and Naval Station Subic Bay. The Government of the Philippines plans to modernize these and other installations, and U.S. infrastructure investment plans for those selected are now being developed. Figure 1 also locates the Philippines relative to the United States and to several nearby South China Sea reefs and shoals on which the Peoples Republic of China has created landmass and built facilities (see CRS Report R44072, Chinese Land Reclamation in the ou/ China ea: Jmvlicafions and Policv Options). The Philippines lie in the far- western reaches of the Pacific Ocean, nearly 9,000 miles from Washington, DC. A flight from the nation's capital to Manila requires 1712 hours, or the equivalent of flying between Washington and San Francisco, CA, three times before landing in Lincoln, NE. By contrast, Philippine military installations lie only 200 miles, or approximately the distance between Washington, DC, and New York City, from the nearest Chinese-developed reefs and shoals (see CRS Report R4293 0, Maritime Territorial DisVutes in East Asia: Issues for Coneress). Figure 1. Sites Selected for the Rotation of U.S. Forces Showing former Major U.S. Garrisons, Announced Rotational Bases, and Chinese- occupied Reefs and Shoals

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