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Order Code RS22324
Updated January 17, 2008
CRS Report for Congress
Bosnia: Overview of Current Issues
Julie Kim
Specialist in International Relations
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Summary
Over 12 years since the Dayton accords ended the 1992-1995 Bosnian war,
Bosnia's future is still in question. Nationwide elections in October 2006 brought to
power leaders with highly divergent positions on the country's future governing
arrangements, and ushered in a prolonged period of political tensions. As a result, many
areas of Bosnia's reform agenda stalled in 2007, although some signs of progress
became evident at the end of the year. Bosnia's political situation has also been affected
by uncertainties surrounding Kosovo's future status and the potential for regional
instability in early 2008. Bosnia has made slow and unsteady progress toward Euro-
Atlantic integration: it formally joined NATO' s Partnership for Peace (PfP) program in
December 2006 and is close to securing a Stabilization and Association Agreement
(SAA) with the European Union (EU). In early 2007, the international community
postponed plans to close out its overseeing role in Bosnia, and may consider another
postponement in early 2008; a small EU military force contributes to a secure
environment. This report provides an overview of prominent current issues in Bosnia
that may be of interest to Members of the 110'h Congress. It may be updated as events
warrant.
Introduction and U.S. Policy
The Dayton peace agreement,' reached in November 1995 with U.S. leadership,
ended a brutal three and one-half year ethnic and territorial conflict in Bosnia-
Herzegovina that erupted after the dissolution of the state of Yugoslavia. The Dayton
agreement outlined a common state of Bosnia and Herzegovina comprised of two entities,
the Bosniak (Muslim)-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska (RS), under the
authority of an international representative and a NATO-led peacekeeping presence.
1 Full text of the Dayton accords can be found at [http://www.oscebih.org]. The constitution is
in Annex 4. The accords were signed in Paris on December 14, 1995, and are sometimes referred
to as the Dayton/Paris agreement.
Congressional Research Service , The Library of Congress
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.crs/crsmthabdsn0001&div=1&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)