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1 (May 19, 2005)

handle is hein.crs/crsmthabdib0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code RS22148 May 19, 2005 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications Christopher Bolkcom, Richard F. Grimmett, K. Alan Kronstadt Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary In March 2005, the Bush Administration announced a willingness to resume sales of F- 16 combat aircraft to Pakistan. Potential sales to India are also being considered. These potential sales have political, military, and defense industrial base implications for the United States and the South Asia region. H.R. 1553 and S. 12 would impose non- proliferation conditions on these sales. This report will be updated periodically. Introduction On March 25, 2005, the Bush Administration announced that it was willing to resume sales of F- 16 Falcon combat aircraft to Pakistan after a 16-year hiatus.' Estimates of potential quantities range from 18 to 71 new fighters. Some believe that this sale is being considered, in part, to reward the Pakistani Government for the role it has played in support of U.S.-led anti-terrorism efforts.2 As many as 126 F-16s, or potentially F/A- 18E/F Super Hornets could be offered for sale to India.' If completed, such sales would have implications for political-military relations among the United States, Pakistan, and India; for combat aircraft proliferation; and for the U.S. defense industrial base. Pakistan-U.S. Relations. Pakistan-U.S. relations are rooted in the Cold War and South Asia regional politics of the 1950s. Differing expectations of the regional security relationship have long bedeviled bilateral ties: the United States viewed Pakistan as a valuable ally in its efforts to contain the Soviet Union; Pakistan saw the United States as a powerful guarantor of its security vis-a-vis India. In the mid- 1970s, strains arose over Pakistan's efforts to respond to India's 1974 underground nuclear test by seeking its own nuclear weapons capability; U.S. aid was suspended in 1979. However, only months 1 Background Briefing by Administration Officials on U.S.-South Asia Relations, U.S. Department of State, Mar. 25, 2005. 2 William Milam and Sarmila Bose, The Right Stuff, Christian Science Monitor, Apr. 11, 2005. ' Neelam Mathews, India in Talks to Purchase 12 Mirages from Qatar, Aerospace Daily & Defense Report, Apr. 5, 2005. Congressional Research Service +o The Library of Congress

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