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1 (December 22, 2004)

handle is hein.crs/crsmthabbkc0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code RS21344 Updated December 22, 2004 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web European Union Enlargement Kristin Archick Analyst in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary On May 1, 2004, 10 states joined the European Union (EU), enlarging the Union to 25 members. The EU views the enlargement process as an historic opportunity to promote stability in Europe and further the integration of the continent by peaceful means. In addition to the 10 new members (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia), three other states - Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia - hope to accede to the EU by 2007. Turkey is also a candidate and is expected to begin accession negotiations in 2005. Macedonia has also applied for EU membership. This report will be updated as necessary. For additional information, see CRS Report RS21372, The European Union: Questions and Answers, and CRS Report RL3207 1, Turkey: Update on Selected Issues. Background on the European Union After World War II, leaders in western Europe and the United States were anxious to secure long-term peace and stability on the European continent and create a favorable environment for economic growth and recovery. In 1952, six states - Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - established the European Coal and Steel Community, a single market in these two industrial sectors that was controlled by an independent supranational authority. In 1958, the Rome Treaties established the European Economic Community, extending the common market to all economic sectors, and the European Atomic Energy Community to ensure the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. In 1967, these three formations collectively became known as the European Community (EC). The EC first added new members in 1973, with the entry of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark. Greece joined in 1981, followed by Spain and Portugal in 1986. The Single European Act modified the EC Treaties in 1987 by increasing the powers of the European Parliament and enabling the 1992 single market program to move forward. At the beginning of 1993, the near completion of the single market brought about the mostly free movement of goods, services, capital, and people within the EC. Congressional Research Service + The Library of Congress

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