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1 (December 7, 2006)

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                                                                      Order Code 98-382 GOV
                                                                    Updated December 7, 2006





SCRS Report for Congress



                          Conference Reports and

                      Joint Explanatory Statements

                                   Christopher M. Davis
                        Analyst in American National Government
                            Government and Finance Division

            When a conference committee completes its work successfully, the committee
        presents and explains its agreements in two documents: first, a conference report; and
        second, a joint explanatory statement, often called a statement of managers.!

            The conference report presents the formal legislative language on which the
        conference committee has agreed. The joint explanatory statement explains the various
        elements of the conferees' agreement in relation to the positions that the House and
        Senate had committed to the conference committee.

            Two copies of each document must be signed by a majority of the House conferees
        and by a majority of the Senate conferees. One pair of the signed documents is retained
        by each house's conferees. Thus, a conferee who supports the conference agreement signs
        four signature sheets, two for the conference report and two for the joint explanatory
        statement. Of course, conferees who do not support the agreement are not expected to
        sign any of the signature sheets.

            The House and Senate create a conference committee to resolve the disagreements
        that result when one house passes a bill and the other house then passes the same bill with
        one or more amendments. It is those amendments that are in disagreement between the
        houses and that are the subjects of conference negotiations. In their conference report, the
        conferees propose a way to resolve the disagreement created by each of the amendments.

            Assume that the House passed a bill and that the Senate later passed the same bill
        with, for example, three discrete amendments. These Senate amendments are numbered
        in the order in which they would affect the House bill, and the conference report addresses
        each of them in turn. There are essentially three ways in which conferees can propose to
        dispose of each amendment: both houses can accept the Senate amendment, both houses
        can reject it, or both houses can agree to a compromise between the Senate amendment
        and the corresponding provision of the House-passed bill. In this example:



        1 This report was written by Stanley Bach, formerly a Senior Specialist in the Legislative Process
        at CRS. The listed author updated the report and is available to answer questions concerning its
        contents.

                  Congressional Research Service . The Library of Congress
                        Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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