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1 1 (August 1, 2008)

handle is hein.crs/crsajws0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code RS22925
Updated August 1, 2008
Covered Bonds: An Alternative to
Securitization for Funding Mortgages
Edward Vincent Murphy
Analyst in Financial Economics
Government and Finance
Summary
Covered bonds are a relatively common method of funding mortgages in Europe,
but uncommon in the United States. A covered bond is a recourse debt obligation that
is secured by a pool of assets, in this case mortgages. The holders of the bond are given
additional protection in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the issuing lender.
They have some features, such as pooled mortgages, that resemble securitization, but the
original lenders maintain a continuing interest in the performance of the loans. Because
some believe that the subprime mortgage turmoil may have been influenced by poor
incentives for lenders using the securitization process, some policymakers have
recommended covered bonds as an alternative for U.S. mortgage markets.
Treasury Secretary Paulson has said that covered bonds could bring more certainty
and more competition to mortgage markets. Because issuing banks do not sell mortgage
assets to securitization trusts, accounting features of covered bonds may provide more
readily accessible information to potential purchasers of the covered bonds and to the
shareholders of the banks issuing the covered bonds. Some features of American
banking regulations may have to be clarified to facilitate covered bonds. The Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), for example, issued a new rule clarifying its
obligations to the holders of covered bonds if an FDIC-insured institution is placed in
FDIC receivership or conservatorship. This report will be updated as conditions warrant.
The Equal Treatment for Covered Bonds Act of 2008, H.R. 6659, would define a
covered bond as a nondeposit recourse debt with a term to maturity of at least one year
and secured by specifically identified assets. H.R. 6659 also calls for rulemaking
regarding covered bonds to be conducted jointly by financial regulators.
In response to recent mortgage market turmoil, the Treasury Department and the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) have considered rulemaking to encourage
the use of covered bonds as an alternative to mortgage securitization. The volume of
private-label mortgage securitizations, in which mortgages are pooled into trusts and then
divided into securities for sale to investors, declined significantly following the subprime

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