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1 1 (January 7, 2008)

handle is hein.crs/crsaijd0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code RS21686 Updated January 7, 2008 Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Since FY2001, Congress has conditioned U.S. aid to Serbia on a presidential certification that Serbia has met certain conditions, including cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The second session of the 1 10th Congress may consider similar certification provisions in the FY2009 foreign aid legislation. Supporters of aid conditionality say such provisions may have spurred Serbia's cooperation with the Tribunal. Serbian cooperation with the ICTY may also be affected by the status of Serbia's Kosovo province. The Serbian government and parliament have threatened to sharply downgrade relations with any country that recognizes Kosovo's independence. If the United States and most European Union countries recognize Kosovo, as they are expected to do in early 2008, Serbia cooperation with the ICTY might cease, at least for a time. This report will be updated as events warrant. For more information on Serbia, see CRS Report RS22601, Serbia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, by Steven Woehrel. Background Since FY2001, Congress has conditioned part of U.S. aid to Serbia after a certain date of the year on a presidential certification that Serbia has met three conditions: they are cooperating with the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY); ending support for separate Bosnian Serb institutions; and protecting minority rights and the rule of law, including the release of political prisoners. The provision also has recommended that U.S. support for loans from international financial institutions to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (the now-defunct federation of Serbia and Montenegro) be conditioned on the certification. The certification does not apply to Kosovo, which is nominally a Serbian province but is administered by a U.N. mission. The provision also has not applied to humanitarian or democratization aid to Serbia.1 The certification process 1 Another provision in foreign operations appropriations bills in recent years has dealt with U.S. aid to Serbia (in the FY2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act, it is Division J, Section 658). It has conditioned U.S. aid to all countries, entities and municipalities in the region on cooperation with the ICTY. However, this provision has not been the main stumbling block to aid to Serbia,

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