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1 1 (December 27, 2000)

handle is hein.crs/crsaahb0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code 96-949 ENR
Updated December 27, 2000

Environmental Reauthorizations and
Regulatory Reform: From the 104th Congress
through the 106th

John E. Blodgett
Resources, Science, and Industry Division

Summary

The 104'h Congress addressed the environmental regulatory process by reviewing
regulatory decisionmaking processes and requiring assessments of unfunded mandates
and of costs and benefits of selected regulations; attaching specific reforms to funding
bills; establishing a House corrections day calendar for bills addressing specific regulatory
problems; and incorporating regulatory reforms into individual program reauthorization
bills. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) was directed to prepare a report
on the costs and benefits of federal regulations.
The  105'h Congress pursued   similar regulatory reforms: proposals for
comprehensive cost-benefit/risk analysis of regulations; private property takings bills;
revisions of individual environmental statutes; selected riders on appropriations bills; and
oversight of environmental programs. OMB was directed to continue its report on
overall regulatory impacts.
The 106'h Congress permanently authorized the annual OMB report, and it enacted
a 3-year pilot project under which Committee Chairmen or Ranking Members could ask
the General Accounting Office (GAO) to evaluate and send reports to Congress on major
rules issued by federal agencies. Section 15 of H.R. 5658, enacted by P.L. 106-554,
required OMB to issue guidelines for federal data quality and provided for a mechanism
for public correction of erroneous data. This report will not be updated.
Introduction
From the beginning of federal environmental programs, the costs they might impose
on industry and business, state and local governments, and consumers and taxpayers have
generated concern. As a result, the evolution of environmental statutes has been paralleled
by efforts to improve cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment to help set priorities and to
determine appropriate levels of regulation. But these developments have not been without
controversy. Proponents of requiring risk assessment and cost-benefit analyses believe
that the resulting data, even if flawed, can usefully inform regulatory decisions; opponents
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