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1 1 (November 17, 1998)

handle is hein.crs/crsaabu0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 95-150 SPR Updated November 17, 1998 Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) Wendy H. Schacht Specialist in Science and Technology Science, Technology, and Medicine Division Summary A Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) is a mechanism established by P.L.99-502, the Federal Technology Transfer Act, to allow the transfer of technology, knowledge, and expertise from government laboratories to the private sector for further development and commercialization. It also provides a means for federal scientists and engineers to obtain state-of-the-art technical information from the industrial community. The work done under a CRADA must not detract from the mission responsibilities of the laboratory. The government provides support in the way of overhead for research and development (R&D) performed in the federal laboratory and is prohibited from providing direct funding to the partner in the collaborative effort. Currently, over 5,000 CRADAs have been signed (including NASA Space Act Agreements). As the 106th Congress begins the debate over its approach to science and technology, the role of CRADAs is expected to be discussed within the context of federal support for R&D. Rationale In pursuit of mission requirements, federal departments and agencies spend approximately $76 billion per year on research and development; almost a third of this to support R&D performed in the government laboratory system. Such an effort has resulted in new and improved technologies and manufacturing techniques that may provide additional benefits beyond specific mission-related use. For example, while the major portion of total federal R&D spending has been in the defense arena, government- financed work has led or contributed to new commercial products and processes including, but not limited to, antibiotics, plastics, jet aircraft, computers, electronics, and genetically engineered drugs (e.g., insulin and human growth hormone). Technology transfer is one way, proponents argue, that federally funded R&D can be further developed and applied by the private sector to meet other national needs associated with economic growth. The increasing competitive pressures on U.S. firms in the international marketplace, coupled with the government's requirements for goods and services, can make the collaboration between federal laboratories and industry through technology Congressional Research Service **** The Library of Congress CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web

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