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Points for discussion by Manley O. Hudson. Nov. 4, 1942. [1] (1942)

handle is hein.ali/hrbor605220 and id is 1 raw text is: November 4, 1942 Points for Discussion by Manley 0. Hudson Three phcses of our subject may have to be considered simultaneously: content, promulgation and enforcement. I. An International Bill of Rights might be envisaged as 1. A Bill of International Rights, for the protection of individuals in situations where several States may be directly concerned. The following might be given as examples of the problem. (a) Statelessness. Many thousands of individuals have been stateless in recent years, due to exclusion by their States of origin, the non-concordance of nationality laws, etc. The individuals concerned frequently feel this as a privation, and it has sometimes involved greet inconvenience for them. (b) Multiple Nationality. Individuals who have multiple nation- ality are sometimes subject to taxation and militery service in several countries. The United States has recently negotiated treaties to prevent liability to double military service. (c) Expatriation. This interests immigration States particularly; e.g., the U.'S. Law of 1868, which declared that the right of expatriation is a natural and inherent right of all people. (d) Reatriation. Individuals are sometimes kept moving on the high sees because no State will receive them. The Harvard Research in International Law proposed that States assume an obligation to receive their ex-nctionals. (e) Extradition for politicel Offenses, This is usually excluded by extradition treaties, though political offenses are not easily definable. (f) Non bis in idem. Double jeopardy is forbidden by national laws in many States, but it usually applies only within the State. (g) Status of Aliens. A conference on Treatment of Foreigners was hold at Paris in 1929, without immediate result. (h) Slavery. (i) Labor. 2. 'A Bill of Netioncl Rights, for the protection of individuals against the States of which they are nationals, the object being to assure to e sch individual nationl a minimum standard of treatment. Such rights heve been assured by many

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