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7 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 3 (1974-1975)
The Arab Oil Embargo and United States Pressure against Chile: Economic and Political Coercion and the Charter of the United Nations

handle is hein.journals/cwrint7 and id is 9 raw text is: The Arab Oil Embargo and United States Pressure Against Chile: Economic and Political Coercion and the Charter of the United Nations Hartmut Brosche INTRODUCTION A CONOMIC WARFARE is a game that all can play. Many I states have played this game, especially since 1945. In that year Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations established the general prohibition of the threat or use of force, a provision THE AUTHOR: HARTMUT BROSCHE (Juristisches Staatsexamen, Supreme Court of Lower Saxony; Dr. iur., Uni- versitit G6ttingen; LL.M., University of California, Berkeley) is a former Assis- tent at the Institut fur V61kerrecht, Uni- versirdt Gottingen, Germany and is cur- rently working under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Lower Saxony (Refer- endarzeit). His other works in this field include a book, Zwang beim Ab- schluss v6lkerrechtlicher Vertrdige (Ber- lin, 1974). U.S. and other states with needed which Waldock called the corner stone of peace in the Charter.1 Since then new problems have arisen and the world situation has changed. Richard N. Gardner2 dealt with this changing world situ- ation and noticed these facts of life when he proposed to deny U.S. exports and aid to coun- tries which refuse to supply the raw materials.' His speech given on November 14, 1973 before 2,000 business leaders at the 60th National Foreign Trade Convention stimulated many U.S. Senators to ask for major changes in President Nixon's trade legislation. In his statement Professor Gardner proposed that the pending trade bill be revised from top to bottom to take account of the re- cent developments in international relations such as the use of eco- nomic and political pressure. With special emphasis on the Arab oil embargo, he asked that the President be authorized to deny United 1 Waldock, The Regulation of the Use of Force hy Individual States in International Law, 81 RECUEIL DES COURS 451 (1952). 2 Currently Henry L. Moses Professor of Law and International Organization, Pro- fessor Gardner has also served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Af- fairs in the Kennedy Administration and was a member of President Nixon's Commis- sion on International Trade and Investment Policy. 3 Columbia Law Alumni Observer, Dec., 1973, at 12.

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