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95 Colum. L. Rev. 1613 (1995)
Issue 7

handle is hein.journals/clr95 and id is 1623 raw text is: COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW VOL. 95 NOVEMBER 1995 NO. 7 THE SCIENCE CHARADE IN TOXIC RISK REGULATION Wendy E. Wagner* Introduction .................................................... 1614 I. The Science-Policy Nature of Toxic Risk Problems .......... 1618 A. The Mixture of Science and Policy .................... 1618 1. Limits of Science .................................. 1619 2. The Fragmented Contributions of Science .......... 1622 B. The Need for Experts in Separating Science and Policy ................................................. 1627 II. The Prevalence of the Science Charade .................... 1628 A. The Unintentional Charade ........................... 1631 B. The Irrtentional Charade .............................. 1640 C. The Premeditated Charade ............................ 1644 III. Political, Legal, and Bureaucratic Incentives for Agencies to Engage in the Science Charade ............................ 1650 A. Political Incentives .................................... 1651 B. Legal Incentives ....................................... 1654 1. Decreased Public Involvement ...................... 1654 2. Interest Group Oversight ........................... 1657 3. Judicial Review ..................................... 1661 4. Science-Based Legislative Mandates ................. 1667 C. Institutional Incentives ................................ 1669 1. Nonscientists ....................................... 1669 2. Scientists .......................................... 1671 IV. Consequences of the Science Charade ...................... 1673 A. Barriers to Democratic Participation ................... 1674 B. Impediments to Protecting Public Health .............. 1677 1. Inaction and Delay ................................. 1678 2. A Skewed Prioritization System ..................... 1681 3. Transaction Costs .................................. 1684 * Assistant Professor, Case Western Reserve University School of Law. BA., 1982, Hanover College; M.E.S., 1984, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; J.D., 1987, Yale Law School. I am extraordinarily grateful to Bert Black, Rebecca Dresser, George DentJon Entin, Peter Gerhart, Paul Giannelli, William Marshall, Andrew Morriss, Anne Park, Richard Pierce, Robert Strassfeld, and Michael Walker for their comments on earlier drafts, to Judy Reardon, James Drozdowski, Silvia Riechel, Martin Gelfand, and Rhonda Baker for their editorial and research assistance, and to Ellie Ettinger for her secretarial help. This research was supported by summer grants from Case Western Reserve University School of Law. 1613

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