Full Name	Merrill, Thomas W.
University/Affiliation	Columbia University School of Law
Title	Charles Evans Hughes Professor of Law
Status	Tenured or Tenure-Track Faculty
Professor Type	Doctrinal
ORCID ID
orcid help https://help.heinonline.org/kb/orcid/
PathFinder Subjects
Property--Personal and Real (44) Constitutional Law, Generally (34) Jurisprudence (26) Administrative Law (22) Takings (20) Judges (18) Courts (16) Legislation (15) Economics Law (12) Government (General) (12)
The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder. Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects. View the PathFinder Subjects most frequently assigned to this author's article here.
	#
Cited by Articles (0-5 Years)	2,437
This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by other articles in HeinOnline within the past five years only. Citation sources include the Bluebook, Prince's Bieber Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations, and the Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations.
Cited by Articles (5+ Years) (By Year)	6,311

This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by other articles in HeinOnline beyond the past five years only. Citation sources include the Bluebook, Prince's Bieber Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations, and the Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations.
Cited by Cases (0-5 Years)	68
This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by cases available in HeinOnline or via Fastcase within the past five years only.
Cited by Cases (5+ Years)	129
This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by cases available in HeinOnline or via Fastcase beyond the past five years only.
Accessed (Past 12 Months)	2,948
This metric counts the cumulative number of times an author's articles have been accessed by HeinOnline users within a rolling 12 month period. In order for an author's article to count as accessed, the article must be clicked from either search results or by browsing to the article, or retrieved using the citation navigator.
ScholarRank	21
ScholarRank is an overall ranking based on the calculation of five HeinOnline ScholarCheck metrics. The Z-score for each of the five metrics is taken and then averaged; the final average is entered into standard competition ranking to produce the overall ScholarRank for each author. Further information on HeinOnline's ScholarRank may be found in our Knowledge Base.

Average Citations per Article	96.13
This metric counts the cumulative number of times this author has been cited by other articles, then divides this number by this author's total number of articles written, to calculate the average number of citations per article.
Average Citations per Document	71.70
This metric counts the cumulative number of times this author has been cited by other articles, then divides this number by this author's total number of documents written, to calculate the average number of citations per document.
Self-Citations	84
This metric counts the cumulative number of an author's self-citations. This metric is not currently factored into the overall ScholarCheck ranking analysis.
H-Index	41.00
The h-index is an author-level metric that attempts to measure both the productivity and citation impact of the publications of an author. The index is based on the set of the author's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications. Further information on an h-index can be found here.

Similar Author Names

122 results searching for (creator_facet:"Merrill, Thomas W." OR creator_facet:"Merrill, T." OR creator_facet:"Merrill, T.W." OR creator_facet:"Merrill, Thomas W.") in Law Journal Library. , sorted by "Number of Times Cited by Articles"

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Business
  1. Business and the Law

Humanities
1. Law

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics

✓

Does something look off to you? We welcome any and all feedback to strengthen PathFinder's power and accuracy. If you'd like to suggest a change to PathFinder's assessment of this document, please send us a message below.

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Courts; Judicial Review; Judiciary Branch; Administrative Law; Business and the Law; Legislation; Statutes

Cited by 532 Articles
Cited by 10 Cases
Accessed 39 Times

Property and the Right to Exclude [comments]

Essay

Nebraska Law Review, Vol. 77, Issue 4 (1998), pp. 730-755

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

77 Neb. L. Rev. 730 (1998)

PathFinder Subjects: Property--Personal and Real; Injunctions; Remedies; Jurisprudence

Cited by 436 Articles
Cited by 8 Cases
Accessed 283 Times

Textualism and the Future of the Chevron Doctrine [comments]

Essay

Washington University Law Quarterly, Vol. 72, pp. 351-378

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

72 Wash. U. L. Q. 351 (1994)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Business
  1. Business and the Law

Humanities
1. Law

Natural and Formal Sciences
1. Environmental Science
  1. Environmental Law
2. Science and Technology
  1. Internet

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Administrative Law; Legislation; Business and the Law; Environmental Law; Statutory Interpretation; Courts; Internet

Cited by 375 Articles
Cited by 2 Cases
Accessed 29 Times

The Common Law Powers of Federal Courts [article]

University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 52, Issue 1 (Winter 1985), pp. 1-72

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

52 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1 (1985)

PathFinder Subjects: Common Law; Jurisprudence; Courts; Federal Courts; Legal Practice and Procedure; Jurisdiction

Cited by 375 Articles
Cited by 11 Cases
Accessed 325 Times

Economics of Public Use [article]

Cornell Law Review, Vol. 72, Issue 1 , pp. 61-116

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

72 Cornell L. Rev. 61 (1986-1987)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Land and Resource Use
  1. Land Use and the Law
    1. Eminent Domain

Humanities
1. Law
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
    1. Just Compensation

Industries
1. Sports and Recreation
  1. Professional Sports
    1. Franchise Relocation

Social Sciences
1. Economics
  1. Economics Law
2. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
    1. Just Compensation

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Economics Law; Franchise Relocation; Professional Sports; Just Compensation; Constitutional Law, Generally; Eminent Domain; Land Use and the Law

Cited by 357 Articles
Cited by 7 Cases
Accessed 30 Times

The Property/Contract Interface [article]

Columbia Law Review, Vol. 101, Issue 4 (May 2001), pp. 773-852

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Smith, Henry E. (Cited 3390 times)

101 Colum. L. Rev. 773 (2001)

PathFinder Subjects: Contracts; Property--Personal and Real; Banking and Finance Law; Intellectual Property Law

Cited by 278 Articles
Cited by 4 Cases
Accessed 96 Times

What Happened to Property in Law and Economics [article]

Essay

Yale Law Journal, Vol. 111, Issue 2 (November 2001), pp. 357-398

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Smith, Henry E. (Cited 3390 times)

111 Yale L.J. 357 (2001-2002)

PathFinder Subjects: Economics Law; Property--Personal and Real; Intellectual Property Law

Cited by 276 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 125 Times

10.

Capture Theory and the Courts: 1967-1983 [article]

Symposium on Administrative Law

Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 72, Issue 4 (1997), pp. 1039-1118

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

72 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1039 (1996-1997)

PathFinder Subjects: Courts; Administrative Law; Civil Rights, Generally

Cited by 268 Articles
Cited by 4 Cases
Accessed 48 Times

11.

The Landscape of Constitutional Property [article]

Virginia Law Review, Vol. 86, Issue 5 (August 2000), pp. 885-1000

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

86 Va. L. Rev. 885 (2000)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Education
  1. Education (General)
    1. Teachers

Humanities
1. Law

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
    1. Due Process
  2. Fourteenth Amendment
    1. Due Process

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Constitutional Law, Generally; Property--Personal and Real; Due Process; Fourteenth Amendment; Legal Practice and Procedure; Teachers; Education (General)

Cited by 256 Articles
Cited by 12 Cases
Accessed 24 Times

12.

Influence of Amicus Curiae Briefs on the Supreme Court [article]

University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 148, Issue 3 (January 2000), pp. 743-856

Kearney, Joseph D. (Cited 710 times); Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

148 U. Pa. L. Rev. 743 (1999-2000)

PathFinder Subjects: Legal Analysis and Writing; Courts; Legal Practice and Procedure; Politics (General)

Cited by 248 Articles
Cited by 2 Cases
Accessed 96 Times

13.

The Great Transformation of Regulated Industries Law [article]

Columbia Law Review, Vol. 98, Issue 6 (October 1998), pp. 1323-1409

Kearney, Joseph D. (Cited 710 times); Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

98 Colum. L. Rev. 1323 (1998)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Finance
  1. Finance (General)
    1. Subsidies
  2. Taxation
    1. Taxation--Federal

Humanities
1. Law
  1. Transportation Law

Industries
1. Transportation and Travel
  1. Transportation Law

Natural and Formal Sciences
1. Science and Technology
  1. Internet
  2. Telecommunications
    1. Broadband

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics
  1. Taxation
    1. Taxation--Federal

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Internet; Subsidies; Finance (General); Taxation--Federal; Taxation; Transportation Law; Broadband; Telecommunications

Cited by 247 Articles
Cited by 10 Cases
Accessed 29 Times

14.

Agency Rules with the Force of Law: The Original Convention [article]

Harvard Law Review, Vol. 116, Issue 2 (December 2002), pp. 467-592

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Watts, Kathryn Tongue (Cited 856 times)

116 Harv. L. Rev. 467 (2002-2003)

PathFinder Subjects: Business and the Law; Property--Personal and Real; South Africa; Countries, Areas, and Regions; Treaties; Foreign Affairs

Cited by 222 Articles
Cited by 9 Cases
Accessed 68 Times

15.

Rethinking Article I, Section I: From Nondelegation to Exclusive Delegation [article]

Columbia Law Review, Vol. 104, Issue 8 (December 2004), pp. 2097-2181

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

104 Colum. L. Rev. 2097 (2004)

PathFinder Subjects: Constitutional Law, Generally; Jurisprudence

Cited by 201 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 21 Times

16.

The Morality of Property [comments]

Law and Morality: Property Law

William and Mary Law Review , Vol. 48, Issue 5 (April 2007), pp. 1849-1896

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Smith, Henry E. (Cited 3390 times)

48 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1849 (April 2007)

PathFinder Subjects: Property--Personal and Real; Jurisprudence

Cited by 198 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 128 Times

17.

Preemption and Institutional Choice [article]

Symposium: Ordering State-Federal Relations Through Federal Preemption Doctrine

Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 102, Issue 2 (2008), pp. 727-780

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

102 Nw. U. L. Rev. 727 (2008)

PathFinder Subjects: Jurisdiction

Cited by 173 Articles
Accessed 27 Times

18.

Trespass, Nuisance, and the Costs of Determining Property Rights [article]

Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 14, Issue 1 (January 1985), pp. 13-48

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

14 J. Legal Stud. 13 (1985)

PathFinder Subjects: Strict Liability; Torts; Property Damage; Property--Personal and Real; Cause of Action; Legal Practice and Procedure; Environmental Law

Cited by 171 Articles
Accessed 23 Times

19.

Golden Rules for Transboundary Pollution [article]

Duke Law Journal, Vol. 46, Issue 5 (March 1997), pp. 931-1020

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

46 Duke L.J. 931 (1996-97)

PathFinder Subjects: Environmental Law; International Law; Pollution

Cited by 148 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 57 Times

20.

The Mead Doctrine: Rules and Standards, Meta-Rules and Meta-Standards [article]

Administrative Law Discussion Forum

Administrative Law Review, Vol. 54, Issue 2 (Spring 2002), pp. 807-834

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

54 Admin. L. Rev. 807 (2002)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Business
  1. Business and the Law

Humanities
1. Law

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Business and the Law; Administrative Law; Judicial Review; Judiciary Branch; Courts; Federal Courts; Judges

Cited by 142 Articles
Cited by 2 Cases
Accessed 17 Times

21.

The Making of the Second Rehnquist Court: A Preliminary Analysis [comments]

Childress Lecture

Saint Louis University Law Journal, Vol. 47, Issue 3 (Spring 2003), pp. 569-[ii]

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

47 St. Louis U. L.J. 569 (2003)

PathFinder Subjects: Criminal Law and Procedure; Politics (General); Political Science

Cited by 127 Articles
Accessed 5 Times

22.

Judicial Opinions as Binding Law and as Explanations for Judgments [article]

Executive Branch Interpretation of the Law

Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 15 , Issues 1-2 (October 1993), pp. 43-80

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

15 Cardozo L. Rev. 43 (1993 - 1994)

PathFinder Subjects: Judges; Civil Rights, Generally; Courts; Legal Education

Cited by 126 Articles
Cited by 2 Cases
Accessed 25 Times

23.

Article III, Agency Adjudication, and the Origins of the Appellate Review Model of Administrative Law [article]

Columbia Law Review, Vol. 111, Issue 5 (June 2011), pp. 939-1003

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

111 Colum. L. Rev. 939 (June 2011)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Business
  1. Business and the Law

Humanities
1. Law

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Administrative Law; Appellate Review; Courts; Business and the Law; Legal History; Constitutional Law, Generally

Cited by 122 Articles
Accessed 43 Times

24.

Property Rules Liability Rules and Adverse Possession [article]

Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 79, Issue 5 & 6 , pp. 1122-1154

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

79 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1122 (1984-1985)

PathFinder Subjects: Adverse Possession; Property--Personal and Real; Constitutional Law, Generally; Government (General)

Cited by 112 Articles
Cited by 6 Cases
Accessed 59 Times

25.

Cited by 107 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 34 Times

26.

First Amendment Protection for Commercial Advertising: The New Constitutional Doctrine [comments]

Comment

University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 44, Issue 1 (Fall 1976), pp. 205-254

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

44 U. Chi. L. Rev. 205 (1976-1977)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Business
  1. Commercial Law
    1. Commercial Speech
2. Finance
  1. Commercial Law
    1. Commercial Speech

Humanities
1. Law

Industries
1. Media and Communications
  1. Marketing
    1. Advertising

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
  2. First Amendment

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Advertising; Marketing; First Amendment; Commercial Speech; Commercial Law; Constitutional Law, Generally; Professional Ethics in Law

Cited by 95 Articles
Cited by 15 Cases
Accessed 5 Times

27.

Global Warming as a Public Nuisance [article]

Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 30, Issue 2 (2005), pp. 293-334

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

30 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 293 (2005)

PathFinder Subjects: Torts; Climate Change; Insurance Law

Cited by 90 Articles
Accessed 17 Times

28.

Originalism, Stare Decisis and the Promotion of Judicial Restraint [article]

Can Originalism Be Reconciled with Precedent - A Symposium on Stare Decisis

Constitutional Commentary, Vol. 22, Issue 2 (Summer 2005), pp. 271-288

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

22 Const. Comment. 271 (Summer 2005)

PathFinder Subjects: Jurisprudence; Constitutional Law, Generally; Judges

Cited by 80 Articles
Accessed 43 Times

29.

The Constitutional Principle of Separation of Powers [article]

Supreme Court Review, Vol. 1991, pp. 225-260

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

1991 Sup. Ct. Rev. 225 (1991)

PathFinder Subjects: Separation of Powers; Checks and Balances; Judiciary Branch

Cited by 78 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 36 Times

30.

Rent Seeking and the Compensation Principle [reviews]

Review Essays

Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 80, Issue 5 , pp. 1561-1590

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

80 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1561 (1985-1986)

PathFinder Subjects: Rent; Takings; Property--Personal and Real

Cited by 75 Articles
Accessed 4 Times

31.

The Shale Oil and Gas Revolution, Hydraulic Fracturing, and Water Contamination: A Regulatory Strategy [article]

Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 98, Issue 1 (November 2013), pp. 145-264

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Schizer, David M. (Cited 729 times)

98 Minn. L. Rev. 145 (2013-2014)

PathFinder Subjects: Environmental Law; Water Law; Intellectual Property Law; Trade Secrets

Cited by 63 Articles
Accessed 39 Times

32.

Bork v. Burke [case]

Originalism, Democracy, and the Constitution--Symposium on Law and Public Policy-1995

Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Vol. 19, Issue 2 (Winter 1996), pp. 509-524

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

19 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 509 (1995-1996)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Humanities

Industries
1. Research and Information
  1. Legal Analysis and Writing

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics
  1. First Amendment

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Judges; Jurisprudence; Legal History; First Amendment; Religion and the Law; Legal Analysis and Writing

Cited by 60 Articles
Accessed 25 Times

33.

The Judicial Prerogative [article]

Symposium

Pace Law Review, Vol. 12, Issue 2 (Spring 1992), pp. 327-358

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

12 Pace L. Rev. 327 (1992)

PathFinder Subjects: Judges; Precedents; Legal Practice and Procedure

Cited by 59 Articles
Accessed 9 Times

34.

Cited by 57 Articles
Accessed 15 Times

35.

The Accardi Principle [decisions]

Recent Decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

George Washington Law Review, Vol. 74, Issue 4 (June 2006), pp. 569-618

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

74 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 569 (2005-2006)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Humanities
1. Law

Social Sciences
1. Community and Society Studies
2. Government and Politics
  1. Administrative Law

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Administrative Law; Rule of Law; Law and Society; Social Security; Age and Aging; Social Programs; Social Welfare Law

Cited by 57 Articles
Cited by 12 Cases
Accessed 36 Times

36.

Dolan v. City of Tigard: Constitutional Rights as Public Goods [article]

In the Context of Property

Denver University Law Review, Vol. 72, Issue 4 (1995), pp. 859-888

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

72 Denv. U. L. Rev. 859 (1994-1995)

PathFinder Subjects: Constitutional Rights; Constitutional Law, Generally; Abortion; Medical Ethics; Birth and Reproduction; Death and Dying; Religion and the Law; Social Welfare Law

Cited by 56 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 10 Times

37.

The Property Strategy [article]

New Dimensions in Property Theory

University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 160, Issue 7 (June 2012), pp. 2061-2096

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

160 U. Pa. L. Rev. 2061 (2011-2012)

PathFinder Subjects: Intellectual Property Law; Jurisprudence; Property--Personal and Real; Environmental Law

Cited by 55 Articles
Accessed 34 Times

38.

Rescuing Federalism after Raich: The Case for Clear Statement Rules [article]

Paper Symposium: Federalism after Gonzales V. Raich

Lewis & Clark Law Review, Vol. 9, Issue 4 (Winter 2005), pp. 823-852

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

9 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 823 (2005)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Humanities
1. International Relations
  1. International Law
    1. Sovereign Immunity
2. Law
  1. Administrative Law
  2. International Law
    1. Sovereign Immunity

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Federalism; Political Theories and Ideologies; Administrative Law; Congress; Legislative Branch; Legislation; Sovereign Immunity; International Law

Cited by 55 Articles
Accessed 5 Times

39.

Explaining Market Mechanisms [article]

Symposium: Innovations in Environmental Policy

University of Illinois Law Review, Vol. 2000, Issue 1 (2000), pp. 275-298

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

2000 U. Ill. L. Rev. 275 (2000)

PathFinder Subjects: Economics Law; Air Pollution; Pollution; Conservation

Cited by 51 Articles
Accessed 58 Times

40.

Chief Justice Rehnquist, Pluralist Theory, and the Interpretation of Statutes [article]

Symposium: Perspectives on Chief Justice Rehnquist

Rutgers Law Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 3 (Spring 1994), pp. 621-668

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

25 Rutgers L.J. 621 (1993-1994)

PathFinder Subjects: Legislation; Statutes; Recusal; Legal Practice and Procedure; Judges

Cited by 43 Articles
Accessed 8 Times

41.

Deregulatory Takings, Breach of the Regulatory Contract, and the Telecommunications Act of 1996 [article]

New York University Law Review, Vol. 72, Issue 5 (November 1997), pp. 1037-1067

Baumol, William J. (Cited 714 times); Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

72 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1037 (1997)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Humanities
1. Law

Industries
1. Media and Communications
  1. Communications Law

Natural and Formal Sciences
1. Science and Technology
  1. Telecommunications

Social Sciences
1. Economics
  1. Trade Regulation

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Communications Law; Takings; Property--Personal and Real; Telecommunications; Trade Regulation

Cited by 42 Articles
Accessed 4 Times

42.

Does Public Choice Theory Justify Judicial Activism after All [article]

Law and Economics and the Rule of Law--Symposium on Law and Public Policy-1997

Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Vol. 21, Issue 1 (Fall 1997), pp. 219-230

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

21 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 219 (1997-1998)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Education
  1. Education Law
2. Health and Medicine
  1. Reproductive Technology
    1. Contraception

Humanities
1. Law
  1. Education Law
  2. Judges

Natural and Formal Sciences
1. Science and Technology
  1. Reproductive Technology
    1. Contraception

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics
  1. Politics (General)
    1. Lobbying

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Lobbying; Politics (General); Judges; Contraception; Reproductive Technology; Education Law

Cited by 38 Articles
Accessed 14 Times

43.

Accession and Original Ownership [article]

Journal of Legal Analysis, Vol. 1, Issue 2 (Summer 2009), pp. 459-[ii]

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

1 J. Legal Analysis 459 (2009)

PathFinder Subjects: Courts; Real Property; Property--Personal and Real; Intellectual Property Law

Cited by 38 Articles
Accessed 28 Times

44.

Bargaining in the Shadow of Eminent Domain: Valuing and Apportioning Condemnation Awards between Landlord and Tenant [article]

UCLA Law Review, Vol. 34, Issue 4 (April 1987), pp. 1083-1138

Goldberg, Victor P. (Cited 680 times); Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Unumb, Daniel (Cited 38 times)

34 UCLA L. Rev. 1083 (1986-1987)

PathFinder Subjects: Eminent Domain; Land Use and the Law; Leasing; Contracts; Property--Personal and Real

Cited by 38 Articles
Cited by 7 Cases
Accessed 4 Times

45.

Presidential Administration and the Traditions of Administrative Law [comments]

Essays

Columbia Law Review, Vol. 115, Issue 7 (November 2015), pp. 1953-1984

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

115 Colum. L. Rev. 1953 (2015)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Humanities
1. Law
2. Philosophy and Ethics
  1. Jurisprudence

Social Sciences
1. Community and Society Studies
  1. Law and Society
    1. Public Law
2. Government and Politics
  1. Administrative Law
  2. Executive Branch

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Administrative Law; Executive Branch; Jurisprudence; Legal History; Public Law; Law and Society

Cited by 38 Articles
Accessed 13 Times

46.

Anticipatory Remedies for Takings [comments]

Essay

Harvard Law Review, Vol. 128, Issue 6 (April 2015), pp. 1630-1676

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

128 Harv. L. Rev. 1630 (2014-2015)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Business
  1. Business and the Law

Humanities
1. Law

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
  2. Courts
    1. Federal Courts

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Constitutional Law, Generally; Property--Personal and Real; Remedies; Takings; Courts; Federal Courts; Business and the Law

Cited by 36 Articles
Cited by 3 Cases
Accessed 7 Times

47.

Marbury v. Madison as the First Great Administrative Law Decision [article]

John Marshall Law Review, Vol. 37, Issue 2 (Winter 2004), pp. 481-522

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 481 (2003-2004)

PathFinder Subjects: Administrative Law; Judges; Legal History; Judicial Review; Judiciary Branch

Cited by 35 Articles
Accessed 12 Times

48.

Step Zero after City of Arlington [article]

Symposium: Chevron at 30: Looking Back and Looking Forward

Fordham Law Review, Vol. 83, Issue 2 (November 2014), pp. 753-788

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

83 Fordham L. Rev. 753 (2014-2015)

PathFinder Subjects: Legislation; Administrative Law

Cited by 31 Articles
Cited by 2 Cases
Accessed 3 Times

49.

Institutional Choice and Political Faith [reviews]

Review Section Symposium: The Economic Analysis of Law

Law and Social Inquiry, Vol. 22, Issue 4 (Fall 1997), pp. 959-998

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

22 Law & Soc. Inquiry 959 (Fall 1997)

PathFinder Subjects: Banking and Finance Law; Administrative Law

Cited by 30 Articles
Accessed 1 Time

50.

Public Contracts, Private Contracts, and the Transformation of the Constitutional Order [article]

The Individual Liberties within the Body of the Constitution: A Symposium

Case Western Reserve Law Review, Vol. 37, Issue 4 (1986-1987), pp. 597-630

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

37 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 597 (1986-1987)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Humanities
1. Law

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
    1. Contract Clause
  2. Government Contracts
    1. Public Contracts

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Contracts; Public Contracts; Government Contracts; Contract Clause; Constitutional Law, Generally; Takings; Property--Personal and Real

Cited by 30 Articles
Accessed 10 Times

51.

Constitution and the Cathedral: Prohibiting, Purchasing, and Possibly Condemning Tobacco Advertising [article]

Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 93, Issue 4 , pp. 1143-1204

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

93 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1143 (1998-1999)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences

Humanities
1. Law

Industries
1. Media and Communications
  1. Marketing
    1. Advertising

Social Sciences
1. Government and Politics
  1. First Amendment
  2. Government (General)

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Advertising; Marketing; Food and Drug Law; Tobacco; Drugs (General); First Amendment; Government (General); Commercial Speech; Commercial Law

Cited by 29 Articles
Accessed 3 Times

52.

The Story of Chevron: The Making of an Accidental Landmark [comments]

Chevron v. NRDC: A Thirtieth Anniversary Commemoration

Administrative Law Review, Vol. 66, Issue 2 (Spring 2014), pp. 253-284

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

66 Admin. L. Rev. 253 (Spring 2014)

PathFinder Subjects: Administrative Law; Legislation; Environmental Law

Cited by 28 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 16 Times

53.

Cited by 28 Articles
Accessed 1 Time

54.

Four Questions about Fracking [article]

Symposium: The Law and Policy of Hydraulic Fracturing: Addressing the Issues of the Natural Gas Boom

Case Western Reserve Law Review, Vol. 63, Issue 4 (Summer 2013), pp. 971-994

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

63 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 971 (2012-2013)

PathFinder Subjects: Fracking; Zoning; Land Use; Water Law

Cited by 26 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 49 Times

55.

Faithful Agent, Integrative, and Welfarist Interpretation [comments]

Essay

Lewis & Clark Law Review, Vol. 14, Issue 4 (Winter 2010), pp. 1565-1600

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

14 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 1565 (2010)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Humanities
1. Law
  1. Law and Society
  2. Legal Analysis and Writing

Industries
1. Research and Information
  1. Legal Analysis and Writing

Social Sciences
1. Community and Society Studies
  1. Law and Society
2. Government and Politics

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Legislation; Politics (General); Statutes; Judiciary Branch; Law and Society; Legal Analysis and Writing

Cited by 25 Articles
Accessed 3 Times

56.

The Disposing Power of the Legislature [article]

Essay

Columbia Law Review, Vol. 110, Issue 2 (March 2010), pp. 452-478

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

110 Colum. L. Rev. 452 (March 2010)

PathFinder Subjects: Constitutional Law, Generally; Legislation; Administrative Law; Common Law; Jurisprudence

Cited by 25 Articles
Cited by 3 Cases
Accessed 8 Times

57.

Melms v. Pabst Brewing Co. and the Doctrine of Waste in American Property Law [article]

Marquette Law Review, Vol. 94, Issue 4 (Summer 2011), pp. 1055-1094

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

94 Marq. L. Rev. 1055 (2010-2011)

PathFinder Subjects: Property--Personal and Real; Law and Society; Legal History; Economics Law; Natural Resources Law

Cited by 23 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 14 Times

58.

Why Restate the Bundle: The Disintegration of the Restatement of Property [article]

Symposium: Restatement of

Brooklyn Law Review, Vol. 79, Issue 2 (Winter 2014), pp. 681-708

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Smith, Henry E. (Cited 3390 times)

79 Brook. L. Rev. 681 (2013-2014)

PathFinder Subjects: Property--Personal and Real; Estates and Trusts; Legal Analysis and Writing

Cited by 22 Articles
Accessed 24 Times

59.

Toward a Principled Interpretation of the Commerce Clause [article]

Reviving the Structural Constitution--Symposium on Law and Public Policy-1998

Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy , Vol. 22, Issue 1 (Fall 1998), pp. 31-44

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

22 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 31 (1998-1999)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Finance
  1. Commerce

Humanities
1. Law

Social Sciences
1. Economics
  1. Commerce
2. Government and Politics

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Commerce; Commerce Clause; Constitutional Law, Generally; Legislation; Democracy; Political Systems and Governments; Health Law and Policy; Jurisdiction; Legal History

Cited by 22 Articles
Cited by 1 Case
Accessed 7 Times

60.

Does the Constitution Require that we Kill the Competitive Goose--Pricing Local Phone Services to Rivals [article]

New York University Law Review, Vol. 73, Issue 4 (October 1998), pp. 1122-1148

Baumol, William J. (Cited 714 times); Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

73 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1122 (1998)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Humanities
1. Law

Industries
1. Media and Communications
  1. Communications Law

Natural and Formal Sciences
1. Science and Technology
  1. Telecommunications

Social Sciences
1. Economics
  1. Trade Regulation
2. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Communications Law; Takings; Property--Personal and Real; Telecommunications; Trade Regulation; Constitutional Law, Generally

Cited by 22 Articles
Accessed 1 Time

61.

Energy Policy for an Economic Downturn: A Proposed Petroleum Fuel Price Stabilization Plan [article]

Yale Journal on Regulation , Vol. 27, Issue 1 (Winter 2010), pp. 1-46

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Schizer, David M. (Cited 729 times)

27 Yale J. on Reg. 1 (Winter 2010)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Finance
  1. Taxation
    1. Taxation--Federal
2. Land and Resource Use
  1. Resource Use
    1. Natural Gas
    2. Petroleum

Humanities
1. Law
  1. Transportation Law

Industries
1. Transportation and Travel
  1. Transportation Law

Social Sciences
1. Economics
  1. Economics Law
2. Government and Politics
  1. Taxation
    1. Taxation--Federal

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Economics Law; Petroleum; Resource Use; Taxation--Federal; Taxation; Natural Gas; Transportation Law

Cited by 22 Articles
Accessed 5 Times

62.

The Demsetz Thesis and the Evolution of Property Rights [comments]

The Evolution of Property Rights: Introduction

Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 31, Issue 2 - Part 2 (June 2002), pp. S331-S338

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times)

31 J. Legal Stud. S331 (2002)

PathFinder Subjects: Economics Law; Property--Personal and Real; Technology; Copyright; Intellectual Property Law

Cited by 21 Articles
Accessed 9 Times

63.

Dodd-Frank Orderly Liquidation Authority: Too Big for the Constitution [article]

University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 163, Issue 1 (December 2014), pp. 165-248

Merrill, Thomas W. (Cited 8748 times); Merrill, Margaret L. (Cited 32 times)

163 U. Pa. L. Rev. 165 (2014-2015)

HeinOnline's PathFinder

The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder.

Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects.

Discover where your chosen document fits into the PathFinder hierarchy. See the full hierarchy here.

Applied Sciences
1. Finance

Humanities
1. Law
  1. Banking and Finance Law
  2. Constitutional Law, Generally

Social Sciences
1. Economics
  1. Banking and Finance Law
2. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally

✓

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

Email Address

Phone Number

(We'll use this information to contact you, if you would like a HeinOnline representative to respond to your input.)

PathFinder Subjects: Bankruptcy Law; Bankruptcy; Constitutional Law, Generally; Liquidation; Finance (General); Banking and Finance Law

Cited by 21 Articles

Merrill, Thomas W.

Email link to this page

Author's Bio Close

Set up email alerts

122 results searching for (creator_facet:"Merrill, Thomas W." OR creator_facet:"Merrill, T." OR creator_facet:"Merrill, T.W." OR creator_facet:"Merrill, Thomas W.") in Law Journal Library. , sorted by "Number of Times Cited by Articles"

See Also: 1 results from Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate:

Comments

Optional: Contact/Response Information

HeinOnline's PathFinder

Select the topics that are inaccurate: