Judge Friendly graduated from Harvard College in 1923 and received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1927. It is widely rumored that Friendly graduated with the highest grade point average ever attained (before or since) at Harvard Law School, but confirmation of this claim is difficult to find, and the claim is sometimes also made for U.S. Supreme Court Justices Louis Brandeis and Felix Frankfurter. The Harvard Crimson on June 23, 1927 reported that Friendly was the first Harvard Law graduate to receive a degree summa cum laude. Frankfurter, while still a professor at Harvard Law School, sent his student to work as a clerk for Justice Louis D. Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court. Friendly then entered private practice in New York City from 1928 to 1959, and was a founding partner of Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, where his law partners included George W. Ball and Melvin Steen. He served as Vice President and General Counsel of Pan American World Airways in New York City from 1946 to 1959.
Friendly was appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a seat on the Second Circuit vacated by Harold Raymond Medina. Friendly's appointment had been endorsed on the basis of merit by several prominent judges and lawyers, including Judge Learned Hand.
Judge Friendly was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 9, 1959, and received his commission the next day. He served as the Chief Judge of the Second Circuit from 1971 to 1973.
Friendly's opinions for the Second Circuit were considered scholarly and of superior quality; many are still cited today, particularly in the field of securities law.
Friendly received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977.
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Judge Friendly graduated from Harvard College in 1923 and received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1927. It is widely rumored that Friendly graduated with the highest grade point average ever attained (before or since) at Harvard Law School, but confirmation of this claim is difficult to find, and the claim is sometimes also made for U.S. Supreme Court Justices Louis Brandeis and Felix Frankfurter. The Harvard Crimson on June 23, 1927 reported that Friendly was the first Harvard Law graduate to receive a degree summa cum laude. Frankfurter, while still a professor at Harvard Law School, sent his student to work as a clerk for Justice Louis D. Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court. Friendly then entered private practice in New York City from 1928 to 1959, and was a founding partner of Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, where his law partners included George W. Ball and Melvin Steen. He served as Vice President and General Counsel of Pan American World Airways in New York City from 1946 to 1959.
Friendly was appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a seat on the Second Circuit vacated by Harold Raymond Medina. Friendly's appointment had been endorsed on the basis of merit by several prominent judges and lawyers, including Judge Learned Hand.
Judge Friendly was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 9, 1959, and received his commission the next day. He served as the Chief Judge of the Second Circuit from 1971 to 1973.
Friendly's opinions for the Second Circuit were considered scholarly and of superior quality; many are still cited today, particularly in the field of securities law.
Friendly received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977.
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Cited by Articles (0-5 Years)
439
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This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by other articles in HeinOnline beyond the past five years only. Citation sources include the Bluebook, Prince's Bieber Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations, and the Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations.
Cited by Cases (0-5 Years)
167
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Cited by Cases (5+ Years)
912
This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by cases available in HeinOnline or via Fastcase beyond the past five years only.
Accessed (Past 12 Months)
671
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ScholarRank
5
ScholarRank is an overall ranking based on the calculation of five HeinOnline ScholarCheck metrics. The Z-score for each of the five metrics is taken and then averaged; the final average is entered into standard competition ranking to produce the overall ScholarRank for each author. Further information on HeinOnline's ScholarRank may be found in our Knowledge Base.
Average Citations per Article
177.83
This metric counts the cumulative number of times this author has been cited by other articles, then divides this number by this author's total number of articles written, to calculate the average number of citations per article.
Average Citations per Document
106.70
This metric counts the cumulative number of times this author has been cited by other articles, then divides this number by this author's total number of documents written, to calculate the average number of citations per document.
Self-Citations
20
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H-Index
22.00
The h-index is an author-level metric that attempts to measure both the productivity and citation impact of the publications of an author. The index is based on the set of the author's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications. Further information on an h-index can be found here.