Full Name	Bignami, Francesca
University/Affiliation	George Washington University Law School
Title	Leroy Sorenson Merrifield Research Professor of Law
Status	Tenured or Tenure-Track Faculty
Professor Type	Doctrinal
ORCID ID
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PathFinder Subjects
Comparative and Foreign Law (11) Countries, Areas, and Regions (8) Data Processing and Use (7) European Union (7) Data Protection (6) Constitutional Law, Generally (5) Human Rights Law (5) International Agencies (5) Administrative Law (3) Business and the Law (3)
The multidisciplinary content found throughout HeinOnline is organized into a subject hierarchy that we call PathFinder. Powered by a combination of human curation and artificial intelligence, PathFinder assigns subjects to documents, and then organizes them into broader subjects. View the PathFinder Subjects most frequently assigned to this author's article here.
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Cited by Articles (0-5 Years)	49
This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by other articles in HeinOnline within the past five years only. Citation sources include the Bluebook, Prince's Bieber Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations, and the Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations.
Cited by Articles (5+ Years) (By Year)	182

This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by other articles in HeinOnline beyond the past five years only. Citation sources include the Bluebook, Prince's Bieber Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations, and the Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations.
Cited by Cases (0-5 Years)	0
This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by cases available in HeinOnline or via Fastcase within the past five years only.
Cited by Cases (5+ Years)	0
This metric counts the number of times this author has been cited by cases available in HeinOnline or via Fastcase beyond the past five years only.
Accessed (Past 12 Months)	330
This metric counts the cumulative number of times an author's articles have been accessed by HeinOnline users within a rolling 12 month period. In order for an author's article to count as accessed, the article must be clicked from either search results or by browsing to the article, or retrieved using the citation navigator.
ScholarRank	7,652
ScholarRank is an overall ranking based on the calculation of five HeinOnline ScholarCheck metrics. The Z-score for each of the five metrics is taken and then averaged; the final average is entered into standard competition ranking to produce the overall ScholarRank for each author. Further information on HeinOnline's ScholarRank may be found in our Knowledge Base.

Average Citations per Article	14.44
This metric counts the cumulative number of times this author has been cited by other articles, then divides this number by this author's total number of articles written, to calculate the average number of citations per article.
Average Citations per Document	11.55
This metric counts the cumulative number of times this author has been cited by other articles, then divides this number by this author's total number of documents written, to calculate the average number of citations per document.
Self-Citations	7
This metric counts the cumulative number of an author's self-citations. This metric is not currently factored into the overall ScholarCheck ranking analysis.
H-Index	9.00
The h-index is an author-level metric that attempts to measure both the productivity and citation impact of the publications of an author. The index is based on the set of the author's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications. Further information on an h-index can be found here.

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20 results searching for (creator_facet:"Bignami, Francesca" OR creator_facet:"Bignami, Francesca" OR creator_facet:"Bignami, Francesca E.") in Law Journal Library. , sorted by "Number of Times Cited by Articles"

Democratic Deficit in European Community Rulemaking: A Call for Notice and Comment in Comitology, The [article]

Harvard International Law Journal , Vol. 40, Issue 2 (Spring 1999), pp. 451-516

40 Harv. Int'l. L. J. 451 (1999)

PathFinder Subjects: Comparative and Foreign Law; European Communities; International Agencies; European Commission; Democracy; Political Systems and Governments

Cited by 39 Articles
Accessed 9 Times

From Expert Administration to Accountability Network: A New Paradigm for Comparative Administrative Law [article]

American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 59, Issue 4 (Fall 2011), pp. 859-908

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

59 Am. J. Comp. L. 859 (2011)

PathFinder Subjects: Administrative Law; Politics (General)

Cited by 29 Articles
Accessed 15 Times

Privacy and Law Enforcement in the European Union: The Data Retention Directive [article]

Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol. 8, Issue 1 (Summer 2007), pp. 233-256

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

8 Chi. J. Int'l L. 233 (2007-2008)

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Humanities
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2. Law
  1. Comparative and Foreign Law
  2. Law Enforcement

Natural and Formal Sciences
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  1. Data Processing and Use
    1. Data Protection

Social Sciences
1. Criminal Justice
  1. Law Enforcement

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PathFinder Subjects: Comparative and Foreign Law; European Union; Countries, Areas, and Regions; Law Enforcement; Data Protection; Data Processing and Use; European Parliament; International Agencies

Cited by 24 Articles
Accessed 81 Times

Cited by 19 Articles
Accessed 6 Times

Cited by 15 Articles
Accessed 12 Times

Creating European Rights: National Values and Supranational Interests [article]

Columbia Journal of European Law, Vol. 11, Issue 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 241-354

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

11 Colum. J. Eur. L. 241 (2004-2005)

PathFinder Subjects: Constitutional Law, Generally; Environmental Law

Cited by 13 Articles
Accessed 8 Times

Cited by 10 Articles
Accessed 23 Times

Transatlantic Privacy Regulation: Conflict and Cooperation [article]

Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 78, Issue 4 (2015), pp. 231-266

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times); Resta, Giorgio (Cited 30 times)

78 Law & Contemp. Probs. 231 (2015)

PathFinder Subjects: Comparative and Foreign Law; Information Privacy; Data Protection; Data Processing and Use; Court of Justice of the European Union

Cited by 10 Articles
Accessed 13 Times

10.

Three Generations of Participation Rights before the European Commission [article]

The Administrative Law of the European Union: Part II: The European Commission

Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 68, Issue 1 (Winter 2004), pp. 61-84

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

68 Law & Contemp. Probs. 61 (2004-2005)

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  1. International Agencies
    1. European Commission
2. Law
  1. Human Rights Law

Natural and Formal Sciences
1. Science and Technology
  1. Computers
  2. Data Processing and Use
    1. Data Protection

Social Sciences
1. Community and Society Studies
  1. Human Rights Law

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PathFinder Subjects: European Commission; International Agencies; Human Rights Law; Computers; Data Protection; Data Processing and Use

Cited by 5 Articles
Accessed 6 Times

11.

The Case for Tolerant Constitutional Patriotism: The Right to Privacy before the European Courts [article]

Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 41, Issue 2 (Summer 2008), pp. 211-250

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

41 Cornell Int'l L.J. 211 (2008)

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2. Law

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  1. Human Rights Law
    1. Right to Privacy
2. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
  2. Courts

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PathFinder Subjects: Comparative and Foreign Law; Constitutional Law, Generally; Courts; Right to Privacy; Human Rights Law; Legal History

Cited by 4 Articles
Accessed 8 Times

12.

Formal versus Functional Method in Comparative Constitutional Law [article]

Osgoode Hall Law Journal, Vol. 53, Issue 2 (2016), pp. 442-471

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

53 Osgoode Hall L. J. 442 (2015-2016)

PathFinder Subjects: Constitutional Law, Generally

Cited by 3 Articles
Accessed 24 Times

13.

Rethinking the Legal Foundations of the European Constitutional Order: The Lessons of the New Historical Research [article]

Toward a New History of EU Law

American University International Law Review, Vol. 28, Issue 5 (2013), pp. 1311-1336

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

28 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 1311 (2012-2013)

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    1. Single European Market
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  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
  2. Courts

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1. Research and Information
  1. Research

Social Sciences
1. Economics
  1. International Commerce
    1. Single European Market
2. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally
  2. Courts

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PathFinder Subjects: Research; Constitutional Law, Generally; Courts; Single European Market; International Commerce

Cited by 3 Articles
Accessed 2 Times

14.

Artificial Intelligence Accountability of Public Administration [article]

U.S. National Reports to the 2022 General Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law in Asuncion, Paraguay: U.S. Reports IACL 2022 Supplement

American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 70, Supplement 1 (October 2022), pp. i312-i346

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

DOI: 10.1093/ajcl/avac012

70 Am. J. Comp. L. i312 (2022)

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  1. Employment Practice and the Law

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  2. Science, Technology, and the Law

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  1. Law Enforcement

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PathFinder Subjects: Law Enforcement; Artificial Intelligence; Employment Practice and the Law; Science, Technology, and the Law; Comparative and Foreign Law

Cited by 1 Article
Accessed 40 Times

15.

Foreword [comments]

The Administrative Law of the European Union: Foreword

Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 68, Issue 1 (Winter 2004), pp. 1-20

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

68 Law & Contemp. Probs. 1 (2004-2005)

PathFinder Subjects: Administrative Law; Business and the Law

Cited by 1 Article
Accessed 14 Times

16.

Rethinking Interest Representation in the European Union [article]

Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 26, Issue 2 (Summer 2006), pp. 439-448

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

26 Oxford J. Legal Stud. 439 (2006)

PathFinder Subjects: European Union; Countries, Areas, and Regions; Torts

Accessed 1 Time

17.

The German Right to Fiscal Stability and the Counter-Majoritarian Difficulty: The PSPP Judgment of 5 May 2020 [article]

Symposium: PSPP (BVerfG, 5 May 2020) and the Future of the European Integration

Italian Law Journal, Vol. 6, Issue 2 (2020), pp. 627-654

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

6 Italian L.J. 627 (2020)

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Applied Sciences
1. Finance
  1. Banking and Finance Law

Humanities
1. International Relations
  1. Comparative and Foreign Law
    1. Court of Justice of the European Union
  2. Countries, Areas, and Regions
    1. European Union
2. Law

Social Sciences
1. Economics
  1. Banking and Finance Law

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PathFinder Subjects: Banking and Finance Law; Court of Justice of the European Union; Comparative and Foreign Law; European Union; Countries, Areas, and Regions; Judges

Accessed 10 Times

18.

Remarks [comments]

Proceedings of the Ninety-Ninth Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law: The European Union's New Ambitions

American Society of International Law Proceedings, Vol. 99, pp. 363-366

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

99 Am. Soc'y Int'l. L. Proc. 363 (2005)

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  1. Agriculture Law
2. Land and Resource Use
  1. Water Law

Humanities
1. International Relations
2. Law

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PathFinder Subjects: European Parliament; International Agencies; European Union; Countries, Areas, and Regions; Water Law; Agriculture Law; Comparative and Foreign Law; International Law

19.

Theodora Th. Ziamou, Rulemaking, Participation and the Limits of Public Law in the USA and Europe: Edward C. Page, Governing by Numbers [reviews]

Book Reviews

Social & Legal Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 2 (June 2002), pp. 317-322

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times)

11 Soc. & Legal Stud. 317 (2002)

PathFinder Subjects: Public Law; Law and Society; Business and the Law; European Commission; International Agencies

Accessed 3 Times

20.

Social and Economic Rights as Fundamental Rights [article]

Section IV.C: Human Rights

American Journal of Comparative Law Supplement, Vol. 62, Issue 4 (Fall 2014), pp. 561-588

Bignami, Francesca (Cited 231 times); Spivack, Carla (Cited 183 times)

62 Am. J. Comp. L. Supp. 561 (2014)

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Humanities
1. International Relations
  1. Comparative and Foreign Law
  2. Countries, Areas, and Regions
    1. South Africa
2. Law

Social Sciences
1. Community and Society Studies
  1. Civil Rights, Generally
2. Government and Politics
  1. Constitutional Law, Generally

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PathFinder Subjects: Social Welfare; Civil Rights, Generally; Constitutional Law, Generally; Comparative and Foreign Law; South Africa; Countries, Areas, and Regions

Accessed 11 Times

Bignami, Francesca

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20 results searching for (creator_facet:"Bignami, Francesca" OR creator_facet:"Bignami, Francesca" OR creator_facet:"Bignami, Francesca E.") in Law Journal Library. , sorted by "Number of Times Cited by Articles"

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