“Boutique Fuels” and Reformulated Gasoline: Harmonization of Fuel Standards
May 10, 2006 RL31361
Brent D. Yacobucci, Resources, Science and Industry Division
“Deeming Resolution”: A Budget Enforcement Tool
November 14, 2008 RL31443
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
“Hatch-Waxman” Act: Selected Patent-Related Issues
Updated April 1, 2002 RL31379
Wendy H. Schacht and John R. Thomas, Resources, Science and Industry Division
2001 Tax Cut: Description, Analysis, and Background
Updated December 9, 2002 RL30973
David L. Brumbaugh and Jane G. Gravelle; Steven Maguire and Louis Alan Talley, Government and Finance Division; and Bob Lyke, Domestic Social Policy Division
2002 Farm Bill: Comparison and Commodity Support Provisions with the House and Senate Proposals, and Prior Law
Updated August 1, 2002 RL31524
Jasper Womach, Resources, Science and Industry Division
2002 Farm Bill: Overview and Status
Updated September 3, 2002 RL31195
Geoffrey S. Becker and Jasper Womach, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
2006 National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Fine Particulate Matter (PM25): Designating Nonattainment Areas)
December 1, 2008 R40096
Robert Esworthy, Specialist in Environmental Policy
21st Century Community Learning Centers: Background and Funding
February 5, 2008 RL31240
Gail McCallion, Domestic Social Policy Division
527 Organizations: How the Differences in Tax and Election Laws Permit Certain Organizations to Engage in Issue Advocacy without Public Disclosure and Proposals for Change
Updated September 7, 2000 RL30582
Marie B. Morris, American Law Division
Abortion: Termination of Early Pregnancy with RU-486 (Mifepristone)
Updated February 23, 2001 RL30866
Judith A. Johnson, Domestic Social Policy Division
Abu Sayyaf: Target of Philippine-U.S. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation
July 26, 2007 RL31265
Larry Niksch, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Across-the-Board Tax Cuts: Economic Issues
Updated September 24, 2001 RL30779
Jane G. Gravelle and Steven Maguire, Government and Finance Division
Advanced Vehicle Technologies: Energy, Environment, and Development Issues
December 6, 2007 RL30484
Brent D. Yacobucci, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Affirmative Action in Employment: A Legal Overview
January 11, 2007 RL30470
Jody Feder, American Law Division
Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State
Updated July 11, 2002 RL31389
Richard P. Cronin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
December 23, 2008 RL30588
Kenneth Katzman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Afghanistan’s Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress
Updated September 20, 2002 RL31355
Rhoda Margesson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Africa and the War on Terrorism
Updated January 17, 2002 RL31247
Ted Dagne, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Africa: Scaling Up the Response To the HIV/AIDS Pandemic
May 29, 2002 RL30883
Raymond W. Copson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Agricultural Trade in the 106th Congress: A Review of Issues
Updated December 29, 2000 RL30789
Geoffrey S. Becker, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Agricultural Trade in the Free Trade Area of the Americas
Updated October 31, 2003 RL30935
Remy Jurenas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Agricultural Trade Issues in the 108th Congress
Updated April 3, 2003 RL31841
Charles E. Hanrahan, Geoffrey S. Becker, Remy Jurenas, and Randy Schnepf, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2009 Appropriations
November 24, 2008 R40000
Jim Monke, Coordinator, Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries
Updated November 16, 2001 RL31190
Remy Jurenas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Agriculture in the WTO: Member Spending on Domestic Support
June 17, 2005 RL30612
Randy Schnepf, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Agriculture: Previewing the 2002 Farm Bill
Updated April 9, 2001 RL30847
Agriculture and Food Supply Section, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
AIDS Funding for Federal Government Programs: FY1981-FY2009
Updated April 23, 2008 RL30731
Judith A. Johnson, Domestic Social Policy Division; and Sharon Coleman, Knowledge Services Group
Air Toxics: What Progress Has EPA Made in Regulating Hazardous Air Pollutants?
Updated July 22, 2002 RL31515
Anne L. Hardenbergh, Intern, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Airborne Electric Warfare: Issues for the 107th Congress
Updated February 9, 2001 RL30841
Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR): The U-2 Aircraft and Global Hawk UAV Programs
Updated December 1, 2000 RL30727
Richard A. Best, Jr., and Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Aircraft Hushkits: Noise and International Trade
Updated May 8, 2000 RL30547
John W. Fischer, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Airline Passenger Rights Legislation in the 107th Congress
Updated August 17, 2001 RL30940
Robert S. Kirk, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Alcohol Beverages: Labeling and Health Claims
Updated April 10, 2003 RL30523
Donna V. Porter, Domestic Social Policy Division
Al-Jazeera News Network: Opportunity or Challenge for U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East
Updated July 23, 2003 RL31889
Jeremy M. Sharp, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Allocation of Wastewater Treatment Assistance: Formula and Other Changes
November 17, 2008 RL31073
Claudia Copeland, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Alternative Transportation Fuels and Vehicles: Energy, Environment, and Development Issues
January 7, 2005 RL30758
Brent D. Yacobucci, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
American Federalism, 1776 to 2000: Significant Events
Updated November 30, 2000 RL30772
Eugene Boyd and Michael K. Fauntroy, Government and Finance Division
American Steel Industry: A Changing Profile
Updated November 10, 2003 RL31748
Stephen Cooney, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Americans with Disabilities Act: Supreme Court Decisions
October 14, 2008 RL31401
Nancy Lee Jones, American Law Division
America’s Growing Current Account Deficit: Its Cause and What It Means for the Economy
June 15, 2007 RL30534
Marc Labonte and Gail E. Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Amtrak Profitability: An Analysis of Congressional Expectations at Amtrak’s Creation
Updated June 26, 2002 RL31473
D. Randall Peterman, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Analysis of the Tax Treatment of Capital Losses
October 20, 2008 RL31562
Thomas L. Hungerford and Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
Andean Regional Initiative (ARI): FY2002 Assistance for Colombia and Neighbors
Updated February 14, 2002 RL31016
K. Larry Storrs and Nina M. Serafino, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Andean Regional Initiative (ARI): FY2002 Supplemental and FY2003 Assistance for Columbia and Neighbors
Updated July 22, 2003 RL31383
K. Larry Storrs and Nina M. Serafino, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Andean Trade Preference Act: A Comparison of House and Senate Versions of H.R. 3009
Updated June 12, 2002 RL31450
J.F. Hornbeck, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Andean Trade Preference Act: Background and Issues for Reauthorization
Updated August 23, 2002 RL30790
J.F. Hornbeck, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Angola: Recent Developments and U.S. Policy
Updated April 24, 2002 RL31395
Nicolas Cook, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Animal Agriculture Issues in the 107th Congress: A Retrospective
Updated March 14, 2003 RL31788
Jerry Heykoop, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Animal Agriculture: Selected Issues in the 108th Congress
Updated October 15, 2003 RL31945
Geoffrey S. Becker, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA Regulation of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
November 17, 2008 RL31851
Claudia Copeland, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Anticipated Effects of Depository Institutions Paying Interest on Checking Accounts
April 11, 2007 RL30816
Walter W. Eubanks, Government and Finance Division
Anticircumvention under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act: Universal Studios v. Corley
Updated January 23, 2002 RL31257
Robin Jeweler and Christopher Alan Jennings, American Law Division
Anti-Hoax Legislation in the 107th Congress: Addressing Problems Since September 2001
Updated March 1, 2002 RL31314
Paul Starett Wallace, Jr. American Law Division
Appropriations and Authorization for FY2002: Defense
Updated February 2, 2002 RL31005
Amy Belasco and Stephen Daggett, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for Fy2001: Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
Updated January 26, 2001 RL30509
Paul W. Dwyer, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2001: Defense
Updated January 12, 2001 RL30505
Paul W. Dwyer, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for Fy2001: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies
Updated February 12, 2001 RL30508
Robert S. Kirk, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2001: District of Columbia
Updated November 27, 2000 RL30513
Paul W. Dwyer, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for Fy2001: Energy and Water Development
Updated November 20, 2000 RL30507
Carl Behrens, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2001: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
Updated April 4, 2001 RL30511
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for FY2001: Interior and Related Agencies
October 17, 2000 RL30506
Alfred R. Greenwood, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education
January 18, 2001 RL30503
Paul M. Irwin, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2001: Legislative Branch
Updated April 20, 2001 RL30512
Paul W. Dwyer, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2001: Military Construction
Updated November 7, 2000 RL30510
Tysziewicz, Mary T.
Appropriations for Fy2001: Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, and General Government
Updated January 29, 2001 RL30502
Sharon S. Gressle, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2001: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies
Updated November 9, 2000 RL30501
Ralph M. Chite, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2001: VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies (P.L. 106-377)
Updated November 17, 2000 RL30504
Ralph M. Chite, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2002: Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
Updated February 13, 2002 RL31009
Susan B. Epstein, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for FY2002: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies
Updated January 15, 2002 RL31008
Robert S. Kirk and David Randall Peterman, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2002: District of Columbia
Updated January 10, 2002 RL31013
Eugene Boyd and Michael K. Fauntroy, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2002: Energy and Water Development
Updated February 5, 2002 RL31007
Carl Behrens and Marc Humphries, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2002: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
February 4, 2002 RL31011
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for FY2002: Interior and Related Agencies
Updated February 1, 2002 RL31006
Carol Hardy-Vincent, Resources, Science, and Industry Division; and Susan Boren, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2002: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education
Updated March 11, 2002 RL31003
Paul M. Irwin, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2002: Legislative Branch
Updated April 10, 2002 RL31012
Paul E. Dwyer, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2002: Military Construction
April 23, 2002 RL31010
Else, Daniel H.
Appropriations for FY2002: Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, and General Government
Updated January 16, 2002 RL31002
Sharon S. Gressle, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2002: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies
Updated December 3, 2001 RL31001
Ralph M. Chite, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2002: VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies (P.L. 107-73)
Updated December 7, 2001 RL31004
Snook, Dennis W.; Bourdon, E. Richard
Appropriations for FY2003: Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
Updated April 29, 2003 RL31309
Susan B. Epstein, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for FY2003: District of Columbia
Updated March 23, 2003 RL31313
Eugene Boyd, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2003: Energy and Water Development
Updated February 27, 2003 RL31307
Carl Behrens and Mark Humphries, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2003: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
Updated May 5, 2003 RL31311
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for FY2003: Interior and Related Agencies
Updated March 14, 2003 RL31306
Carol Hardy Vincent, Resources, Science and Industry Division; and Susan Boren, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2003: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education
Updated March 14, 2003 RL31303
Paul M. Irwin, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2003: Legislative Branch
Updated February 28, 2003 RL31312
Paul E. Dwyer, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2003: Military Construction
Updated February 12, 2003 RL31310
Daniel H. Else, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for FY2003: Transportation and Related Agencies
Updated February 26, 2003 RL31308
David Randall Peterman and John Frittelli, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2003: Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, and General Government
Updated March 26, 2003 RL31302
Sharon S. Gressle, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2003: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies
Updated March 4, 2003 RL31301
Chite, Ralph M.
Appropriations for FY2003: VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Updated April 9, 2003 RL31304
Dennis W. Snook and E. Richard Bourdon, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2004: Commerce, Justice, State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
Updated February 13, 2004 RL31809
Epstein, Susan B.
Appropriations for FY2004: Department of Homeland Security
Updated January 12, 2004 RL31802
Paul M. Irwin and Dennis W. Snook, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2004: District of Columbia
Updated January 13, 2004 RL31813
Eugene Boyd, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2004: Energy and Water Development
Updated January 30, 2004 RL31807
Carl Behrens and Mark Humphries, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2004: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
Updated March 23, 2004 RL31811
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for FY2004: Interior and Related Agencies
June 10, 2004 RL31806
Carol Hardy Vincent, Resources, Science, and Industry Division; and Susan Boren, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2004: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education
Updated March 10, 2004 RL31803
Paul M. Irwin, Domestic Social Policy Division
Appropriations for FY2004: Legislative Branch
Updated January 16, 2004 RL31812
Paul E. Dwyer, Government and Finance Division
Appropriations for FY2004: Military Construction
Updated November 6, 2003 RL31810
Daniel H. Else, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Appropriations for FY2004: Transportation, Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, General Government, and Related Agencies
Updated March 1, 2004 RL31808
David Randall Peterman and John F. Frittelli, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations for FY2004: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies
Updated February 5, 2004 RL31801
Ralph M. Chite, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Appropriations Subcommittee Structure: History of Changes from 1920-2007
January 31, 2007 RL31572
James V. Saturno, Government and Finance Division
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Background and Issues
Updated March 15, 2003 RL31278
M. Lynne Corn, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Arctic Petroleum: Technology Development
January 23, 2006 RL31022
Bernard Gelb, M. Lynne Corn, and Terry R. Twyman, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Argentina: Economic Problems and Solutions
Updated October 26, 2001 RL31169
Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Argentine Financial Crisis: A Chronology of Events
Updated June 5, 2003 RL31582
J.F. Hornbeck and Meaghan K. Marshall, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Armed Conflicts in the World Since the End of the Cold War (1989-Present)
Updated August 2, 2000 RL30625
Shawn Waddoups and Samuel Wolfe, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Security Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests
January 31, 2008 RL30679
Jim Nichol, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Arming Pilots Against Terrorism: Implementation Issues for the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program
January 9, 2004 RL31674
Bartholomew Elias, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Arms Control and Strategic Nuclear Weapons: Unilateral vs. Bilateral Reductions
Updated May 16, 2002 RL31222
Amy Woolf, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process
January 14, 2008 RL31675
Richard F. Grimmett, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and the 2007 Meetings in Sydney, Australia
September 21, 2007 RL31038
Michael F. Martin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Asian Financial Crisis and Recovery: Status and Implications for u.s. Interests
Updated April 6, 2000 RL30517
Richard P. Cronin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Assistance to North Korea
December 24, 2008 R40095
Mark E. Manyin, Specialist in Asian Affairs; Mary Beth Nikitin, Analyst in Nonproliferation
Assisted Housing: Section 8 Mark-to-Market Restructuring
June 13, 2002 RL31182
Susan Vanhorenbeck, Domestic Social Policy Division
Attorneys’ Fees Reimbursement under the Independent Counsel Law
Updated March 9, 2000 RL30468
Jack Maskell, American Law Division
Authority of the Senate to Exclude and Not Seat a Senator-Elect or Senator-Designate
January 5, 2009 R40105
Jack Maskell, Legislative Attorney
Authorization and Appropriations for FY2003: Defense
Updated December 6, 2002 RL31305
Stephen Daggett and Amy Belasco, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Authorization and Appropriations for FY2004: Defense
Updated December 9, 2003 RL31805
Amy Belasco and Stephen Daggett, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Average Effective Corporate Tax Rates: 1959 to 2005
September 6, 2006 RL30469
Steve Maguire, Government and Finance Division
Aviation and Climate Change
December 16, 2008 R40090
James E. McCarthy, Specialist in Environmental Policy
Balance of Payments: Meaning and Significance
April 30, 2003 RL31220
Gary J. Wells, Visiting Fellow, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns: Issues for Congress
November 13, 2006 RL31695
Dana A. Shea, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Balkan Conflicts: U.S. Humanitarian Assistance and Issues for Congress
Updated February 5, 2001 RL30831
Rhoda Margesson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Banking and Financial Infrastructure Continuity
January 31, 2008 RL31873
N. Eric Weiss, Government and Finance Division
Bankruptcy Reform in the 108th Congress
Updated March 24, 2003 RL31783
Angie A. Welborn, American Law Division
Bankruptcy Reform Legislation in the 107th Congress: A Comparison of H.R. 333 as Passed by the House and Senate
Updated July 10, 2002 RL30865
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division
Bankruptcy Reform: A Recap
Updated January 13, 2003 RL31706
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division
Barcelona Process: The European Union’s Partnership with the Southern Mediterranean
Updated June 12, 2001 RL31017
Anja Linder and Joshua Ruebner, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Baseline Budget Projections: A Discussion of Issues
February 7, 2008 RL31414
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
Beneficiary Cost-Sharing Under the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit
January 20, 2005 RL31525
Jim S. Hahn, Domestic Social Policy Division
Berry Amendment: Requiring Defense Procurement to Come from Domestic Sources
August 26, 2008 RL31236
Valerie Bailey Grasso, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Biennial Budgeting: Issues and Options
August 10, 2006 RL30550
James V. Saturno, Government and Finance Division
Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
January 5, 2009 R40110
Brent D. Yacobucci, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy
Biological Weapons: A Primer
Updated July 24, 2001 RL31059
Steve Bowman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Biosafety Protocol for Genetically Modified Organisms: Overview
Updated January 18, 2001 RL30594
Alejandro E. Segarra and Susan R. Fletcher, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002: Summary and Comparison with Previous Law
January 9, 2004 RL31402
Joseph E. Cantor, Government and Finance Division; and L. Paige Whitaker, American Law Division
Border Security: Immigration Issues in the 108th Congress
May 18, 2004 RL31727
Lisa M. Seghetti, Domestic Social Policy Division
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Background on U.S. Policy Concerns
Updated March 28, 2001 RL30906
Steven Woehrel, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs
January 15, 2009 RL30719
Lennard G. Kruger, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy; Angele A. Gilroy, Specialist in Telecommunications Policy
Brownfields Program Authorization: Cleanup of Contaminated Sites
Updated January 27, 2002 RL30972
Mark Reisch, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Budget Enforcement Procedures: Senate’s Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule
December 6, 2007 RL31943
Bill Heniff, Jr., Government and Finance Division
Budget for Fiscal Year 2001
Updated January 18, 2002 RL31461
Philip D. Winters, Government and Finance Division
Budget for Fiscal Year 2002
November 14, 2002 RL31566
Phillip D. Winters, Government and Finance Division
Budget for Fiscal Year 2004
November 1, 2004 RL31784
Philip D. Winters, Government and Finance Division
Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate’s “Byrd Rule”
March 20, 2008 RL30862
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Budget Reconciliation Process: Timing for Legislative Action
November 14, 2008 RL30458
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Business Investment and a Repeal of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax
Updated March 5, 2002 RL31318
Gary Guenther, Government and Finance Division
Calculating Estate Tax Liability during the Estate Tax Phasedown Period 2001-2009
April 1, 2005 RL31092
Nonna A Noto, Government and Finance Division
Campaign Finance: Potential Legislative and Policy Issues for the 111th Congress
December 31, 2008 R40091
R. Sam Garrett, Analyst in American National Government
Campus-Based Student Financial Aid Programs under the Higher Education Act
July 30, 2008 RL31618
Smole, David P., Specialist in Education Policy
Canadian Financial System
Updated June 10, 2002 RL31459
The Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs; Barbara L. Miles, Contract/Project Officer
Capital Punishment: An Overview of Federal Death Penalty Statutes
January 5, 2005 RL30962
Elizabeth B. Bazan, American Law Division
Capital Punishment: Summary of Supreme Court Decisions of the 2001-02 Term
Updated July 8, 2002 RL31494
Paul Starett Wallace, Jr., American Law Division
Capitol Hill Security: Recent Actions and Organizational Responsibilities
Updated February 3, 2004 RL30861
Paul Dwyer and Stephen W. Stathis, Government and Finance Division
Capitol Visitors’ Center: An Overview
November 25, 2008 RL31121
Stephen W. Stathis, Government and Finance Division
Carbon Control in the U.S. Electricity Sector: Key Implementation Uncertainties
December 23, 2008 R40103
Paul W. Parfomak, Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy
Carbon Leakage and Trade: Issues and Approaches
December 19, 2008 R40100
Larry Parker, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy; John Blodgett, Specialist in Environmental Policy
Carbon Sequestration in Forests
March 29, 2007 RL31432
Gorte, Ross W., Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998: Background and Implementation
July 21, 2006 RL31747
Rebecca R. Skinner and Richard N. Apling, Domestic Social Policy Division
Causes of Unemployment: A Cross-Country Analysis
Updated December 12, 2000 RL30765
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
Census 2000: Legal Issues re: Data for Reapportionment and Resdistricting
Updated March 12, 2001 RL30870
Margaret Mikyung Lee, American Law Division
Changing Composition of the Federal Research and Development Portfolio
Updated June 27, 2001 RL31031
Michael E. Davey and Richard Rowberg, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Changing Structure of Agriculture and Rural America: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges
Updated October 30, 2001 RL31172
Tadlock Cowan, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Characteristics of and Reporting Requirements for Selected Tax-Exempt Organizations
January 30, 2007 RL30877
Erika Lunder, American Law Division
Charitable Choice: House-Passed Version of H.R. 7 Compared with Existing Charitable Choice Laws
December 17, 2002 RL31042
Vee Burke, Domestic Social Policy Division
Charitable Contributions of Food Inventory: Proposals for Change
October 8, 2008 RL31097
Pamela J. Jackson, Government and Finance Division
Chemical Facility Security
December 15, 2006 RL31530
Linda-Jo Schierow, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Reauthorization in the 107th Congress
December 4, 2002 RL30923
Emilie Stoltzfus, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Care and Development Block Grant: Background and Funding
February 8, 2008 RL30785
Melinda Gish, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Care Issues in the 107th Congress
Updated March 10, 2003 RL30944
Melinda Gish, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Care Issues in the 108th Congress
December 17, 2004 RL31817
Melinda Gish, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Care Workforce
Updated September 10, 2001 RL31118
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Care: Funding and Spending under Federal Block Grants
Updated March 19, 2002 RL31274
Melinda Gish, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Care: State Programs Under the Child Care and Development Fund
Updated October 8, 2002 RL31605
Melinda Gish and Shannon Harper, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Labor in America: History, Policy and Legislative Issues
October 24, 2008 RL31501
Gerald Mayer, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Nutrition and WIC Legislation in the 106th and 107th Congresses
December 2, 2002 RL31578
Joe Richardson, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Pornography Produced Without an Actual Child: Constitutionality of 107th Congress Legislation
Updated July 15, 2002 RL31499
Henry Cohen, American Law Division
Child Pornography Produced Without an Actual Child: Constitutionality of 108th Congress Legislation
Updated March 31, 2003 RL31744
Henry Cohen, American Law Division
Child Welfare and TANF Implementation: Recent Findings
Updated July 8, 2002 RL31508
Emilie Stoltzfus, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Welfare Financing: Issues and Options
Updated August 13, 2001 RL31082
Karen Spar and Christine Devere, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Welfare Issues in the 108th Congress
January 12, 2005 RL31746
Emilie Stoltzfus, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Welfare: Federal Program Requirements for States
August 2, 2007 RL31242
Emilie Stoltzfus, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Welfare: Implementation of the Adoption and Safe Families Act
November 8, 2004 RL30759
Karen Spar and Matthew Shuman, Domestic Social Policy Division
Child Welfare: Reauthorization of the Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program in the 107th Congress
Updated January 24, 2002 RL30894
Stoltzfus, Emilie, and Karen Spar, Domestic Social Policy Division
Children’s Environmental Health: What Role for the Federal Government
Updated November 15, 2001 RL31322
Linda-Jo Schierow, Resources, Science and Industry Division
China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues
January 7, 2009 RL31555
Shirley A. Kan, Specialist in Asian Security Affairs
China: Economic Sanctions
February 1, 2006 RL31910
Dianne E. Rennack, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China: Labor Conditions and Unrest
Updated October 15, 2001 RL31164
Thomas Lum, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China: Selected Environmental Issues and Policies
Updated July 17, 2001 RL31076
Mary Tiemann, Susan Fletcher, Bren Yacobucci, and Larry Parker, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
China’s Banking Reforms: Background and Issues for Congress
Updated May 22, 2002 RL31363
Dick K. Nanto and Radha Sinha, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China’s Emergence as a Major Economic Power: Implications for U.S. Interests
Updated November 20, 2000 RL30757
Dick K. Nanto and Radha Sinha, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Chinas Foreign Conventional Arms Acquisitions: Background and Analysis
Updated November 6, 2001 RL30700
Shirley A. Kan, Christopher Bolkcom, and Ronald O’Rourke, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China’s Internet Industry
Updated August 14, 2000 RL30636
Thomas Lum, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China’s Maritime Territorial Claims: Implications for U.S. Interests
Updated November 12, 2001 RL31183
Kerry Dumbaugh, Richard Cronin, Shirley Kan, and Larry Niksch, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; and David M. Ackerman, American Law Division
China’s Relations with Central Asian States and Problems with Terrorism
October 7, 2002 RL31213
Dewardric L. McNeal and Kerry Dumbaugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China’s Trade with the United States and the World
January 4, 2007 RL31403
Thomas Lum and Dick K. Nanto, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China’s Western Development Campaign
Updated September 12, 2001 RL31104
Dewardric L. McNeal, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China-U.S. Aircraft Collision Incident of April 2001: Assessments and Policy Implications
Updated October 10, 2001 RL30946
Shirley A. Kan; et al.
China-U.S. Relations During the 108th Congress
January 11, 2005 RL31815
Kerry Dumbaugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China-U.S. Relations in the 107th Congress: Policy Developments, 2001-2002
January 23, 2003 RL31729
Kerry Dumbaugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
China-U.S. Trade Agreements: Compliance Issues
Updated December 7, 2000 RL30555
Wayne M. Morrison, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Christian Amendment: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-third Congress, Second Session on S. J. Res. 87
1v. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 1954
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979: Background, Provisions, and Cost
December 17, 2008 R40005
James M. Bickley, Specialist in Public Finance
Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000: Overview of Public Law 106-185
Updated June 2, 2000 RL30576
Paul S. Wallace, Jr., American Law Division
Civil Service Reform: H.R. 1836, Homeland Security Act, and Current Law
Updated May 19, 2003 RL31924
Barbara L. Schwemle, Government and Finance Division; and Thomas J. Nicola, American Law Division
Class Actions and Proposed Reform in the 107th Congress: Class Action Fairness Act of 2002
Updated July 20, 2002 RL31506
Paul Starett Wallace, Jr., American Law Division
Class Actions and Proposed Reform in the 108th Congress: Class Action Fairness Act of 2003 and 2004
August 18, 2004 RL31859
Paul Starett Wallace, Jr., American Law Division
Clean Air Act: A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements
November 26, 2008 RL30853
James E. McCarthy; et al.
Clean Air: New Source Review Policies and Proposals
Updated February 25, 2003 RL31757
Larry Parker, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Climate Change: Federal Laws and Policies Related to Greenhouse Gas Reductions
December 8, 2008 RL31931
Brent D. Yacobucci and Larry Parker, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Collective Bargaining and Homeland Security
Updated November 18, 2002 RL31520
Jon O. Shimabukuro, American Law Division
Colleges and Universities Attended by Representatives of the 107th Congress
Updated January 2, 2002 RL31233
Mildred Lehmann Amer, Government and Finance Division
Colleges and Universities Attended by Representatives of the 108th Congress
Updated April 30, 2003 RL31877
Mildred L. Amer, Government and Finance Division
Colleges and Universities Attended by Senators of the 107th Congress
Updated January 2, 2002 RL31234
Mildred Lehmann Amer, Government and Finance Division
Colleges and Universities Attended by Senators of the 108th Congress
Updated April 30, 2003 RL31878
Mildred L. Amer, Government and Finance Division
Colombia: Plan Colombia Legislation and Assistance (FY2000-FY2001)
Updated July 5, 2001 RL30541
Nina M. Serafino, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Combating Terrorism: 2001 Congressional Debate on Emergency Supplemental Allocations
Updated September 27, 2002 RL31187
Amy Belasco and Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Combating Terrorism: Possible Lessons for U.S. Policy from Foreign Experiences, Summary of the Major Points of a Seminar
August 6, 2004 RL31517
Nina M. Serafino, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Commercial Remote Sensing by Satellite: Status and Issues
Updated January 7, 2002 RL31218
Richard Rowberg, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Commissions and Joint Committees Established to Commemorate the Anniversary of the Birth of a President or First Lady, 1950-2000
Updated June 15, 2001 RL30980
Stephen W. Stathis, Government and Finance Division
Committee Assignment Process in the U.S. Senate: Democratic and Republic Party Procedures
Updated November 3, 2006 RL30743
Judy Schneider, Government and Finance Division
Committee Funding for House and Senate, 108th Congress
Updated May 7, 2003 RL31816
Paul S. Rundquist and R. Eric Petersen, Government and Finance Division
Comparison of Proposed Charitable Choice Act of 2001 with Current Charitable Choice Law
Updated June 22, 2001 RL31030
Vee Burke, Domestic Social Policy Division
Comparison of the Bankruptcy Reform Act, H.R. 833, 106th Congress, Passed by the House and Senate
Updated March 6, 2000 RL30454
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division
Compensatory Time vs. Cash Wages: Amending the Fair Labor Standards Act
July 17, 2006 RL31875
William G. Whittaker, Domestic Social Policy Division
Compulsory DNA Collection: A Fourth Amendment Analysis
November 26, 2008 R40077
Anna C. Henning, Legislative Attorney
Computer Services Personnel: Overtime Pay Under the Fair Labor Standards Act
February 7, 2005 RL30537
William G. Whittaker, Domestic Social Policy Division
Computer Software and Open Source Issues: A Primer
Updated December 17, 2003 RL31627
Jeffrey W. Seifert, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Congressional Authority to Standardize National Election Procedures
Updated February 14, 2003 RL30747
Kenneth R. Thomas, American Law Division
Congressional Budget Actions in 2002
Updated March 19, 2003 RL31795
Bill Heniff, Jr., Government and Finance Division
Congressional Budget Actions in 2003
December 17, 2004 RL31754
Bill Heniff, Jr., Government and Finance Division
Congressional Budget Office
1975-2012 May 9, 2014
Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director
November 26, 2008 RL31880
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division; Mary Frances Bley, Knowledge Services Group
Congressional Budget Resolutions: Motions to Instruct Conferees
May 16, 2008 RL31840
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Congressional Candidacy, Incarceration, and the Constitution’s Inhabitancy Qualifications
Updated August 12, 2002 RL31532
Jack Maskell, American Law Division
Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations
December 19, 2008 R40076
Matthew Eric Glassman, Analyst on the Congress
Congressional Continuity of Operations (COOP): An Overview of Concepts and Challenges
September 9, 2005 RL31594
R. Eric Petersen, Government and Finance Division; and Jeffery W. Seifert, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Congressional Roll Call and Other Record Votes: First Congress through 108th Congress, 1789 through 2004
March 3, 2005 RL30562
John S. Pontius, Government and Finance Division
Consideration of Budgetary Legislation During Presidential Transition Years: A Brief Overview
December 24, 2008 R40085
Robert Keith, Specialist in American National Government; Momoko Soltis, Analyst on the Congress and the Legislative Process
Constitutional Aspects of Qui Tam Actions: Background and Analysis of Issues in Vermont Agency of Natural Resources v. United States ex. rel. Stevens
Updated March 8, 2000 RL30463
T.J. Halstead, American Law Division
Constitutional Bounds on Congress’ Ability to Protect the Environment
December 18, 2002 RL30670
Robert Meltz, American Law Division
Constitutionality of Campaign Finance Regulation: Buckley v. Valeo and Its Supreme Court Progeny
November 18, 2008 RL30669
L. Paige Whitaker, American Law Division
Consumer Credit Protection Act: An Overview of Its Major Components
April 6, 2006 RL30889
Angie Welborn, American Law Division
Contractor Responsibility Regulation: Needed Clarification or a Potential Blacklist
November 6, 2002 RL30715
Nye Stevens, Government and Finance Division
Controversies over Redefining “Fill Material” under the Clean Water Act
August 21, 2008 RL31411
Claudia Copeland, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Converting Retirement Savings into Income: Annunities and Periodic Withdrawals
December 1, 2008 R40008
Janemarie Mulvey, Specialist in Aging Policy; Patrick Purcell, Specialist in Income Security
Copyright Cases in the Courts: Napster, MP3 Digital Music, and DVD Motion Picture Encryption Technology
Updated February 16, 2001 RL30683
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division
Copyright Doctrine of Fair Use and the Internet: Caselaw
Updated March 30, 2000 RL30495
Douglas Reid Weimer, American Law Division
Copyright Issues in Online Music Delivery
Updated June 4, 2002 RL31029
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division
Copyright Law: Statutory Royalty Rates for Webcasters
Updated November 18, 2003 RL31626
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division
Corporate Accountability: Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: (P.L. 107-204)
Updated August 27, 2002 RL31554
Michael V. Seitzinger and Elizabeth B. Bazan, American Law Division
Countercyclical Job Creation Programs of the Post-World War II Era
Updated January 14, 2003 RL31138
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Counterintelligence Reform at the Department of Energy: Policy Issues and Organizational Alternatives
March 8, 2005 RL31883
Alfred Cumming, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Creation of Executive Departments: Highlights from the Legislative History of Modern Precedents
Updated September 8, 2003 RL31497
Thomas P. Carr, Government and Finance Division
Criminal Charges in Corporate Scandals
May 30, 2006 RL31866
Mark Jickling, Government and Finance Division; Paul H. Janov, Knowledge Services Group
Critical Infrastructure Information Disclosure and Homeland Security
Updated January 29, 2003 RL31547
John Moteff, Resources, Science and Industry Division; and Gina Marie Stevens, American Law Division
Critical Infrastructure: Control Systems and the Terrorist Threat
January 20, 2004 RL31534
Dana A. Shea, Resources, Science and Industry Division
CRS Review of 10 States: Home and Community-Based Services – States Seek to Change the Face of Long-Term Care: Pennsylvania
April 2, 2003 RL31850
Carol O’Shaughnessy, Rob Weissert, Julie Stone, Sidath Viranga Panangala, and Meridith Walters (Consultant), Domestic Social Policy Division
Cuba: Issues and Legislation in the 106th Congress
Updated January 11, 2001 RL30628
Mark P. Sullivan and Maureen Taft-Morales, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Cuba: Issues for the 107th Congress
Updated January 6, 2003 RL30806
Mark P. Sullivan and Maureen Taft-Morales, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Cuba: Issues for the 108th Congress
December 2, 2004 RL31740
Mark P. Sullivan, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances
September 28, 2008 RL31139
Mark P. Sullivan, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Currency Board as an Alternative to a Central Bank
May 26, 2004 RL31093
Marc Labonte and Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Current Economic Recession: How Long, How Deep, and How Different from the Past
August 25, 2003 RL31237
Marc Labonte and Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Data Mining and Homeland Security: An Overview
August 27, 2008 RL31798
Jeffrey W. Seifert, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Davis-Bacon Act Coverage and the State Revolving Fund Program Under the Clean Water Act
March 26, 2008 RL31491
William G. Whittaker, Domestic Social Policy Division
Debt-for-Nature Initiatives and the Tropical Forest Conservation Act: Status and Implementation
March 20, 2008 RL31286
Pervaze A. Sheikh, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications
March 8, 2007 RL31133
Jennifer K. Elsea, American Law Division; and Richard F. Grimmett, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Defense Budget for FY2002: Data Summary, Final Version
Updated January 23, 2002 RL30976
Mary T. Tyszkiewicz, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Defense Budget for FY2003: Data Summary
Updated March 29, 2002 RL31349
Stephen Daggett and Amy Belasco, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Defense Cleanup and Environmental Programs: Authorization and Appropriations for FY2003
Updated July 24, 2003 RL31456
David M. Bearden, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Defense Department Original Transformation Proposal: Compared to Existing Law
Updated May 19, 2003 RL31916
Robert L. Goldich and Gary J. Pagliano, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; Barbara L. Schwemle, Government and Finance Division; and Thomas J. Nicola, American Law Division
Defense Outsourcing: OMB Circular A-76 Policy and Options for Congress – Proceedings of a CRS Seminar
Updated May 30, 2000 RL30574
Valerie Bailey Grasso, Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division
Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy – Background, Issues, and Options for Congress
June 15, 2007 RL31404
Ronald O’Rourke and Stephen Daggett, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Demilitarization of Significant Military Equipment
October 30, 2006 RL31686
Valerie Bailey Grasso, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and Current Developments
December 3, 2008 R40108
Ted Dagne, Specialist in African Affairs
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Peace Process and Background
Updated August 14, 2001 RL31080
Raymond W. Copson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division.
Department of Defense Anthrax Vaccination
Updated November 7, 2000 RL30748
Steve Bowman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Department of Defense Facilities Energy Conservation Policies and Spending
December 31, 2008 R40111
Anthony Andrews, Specialist in Energy and Energy Infrastructure Policy
Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986: Proposals for Reforming the Joint Officer Personnel Management Program
Updated July 18, 2000 RL30609
Katherine Lemay Brown, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Department of Defense Rules for Military Commissions: Analysis of Procedural Rules and Comparison with Proposed Legislation and the Uniform Code of Military Justice
September 25, 2006 RL31600
Jennifer Elsea, American Law Division
Department of Homeland Security: Consolidation of Border and Transportation Security Agencies
Updated May 22, 2003 RL31549
Lake, Jennifer E.
Departmental Organization, 1947-2003
August 12, 2003 RL31472
Sharon S. Gressle, Government and Finance Division
Derivative, Risk Management, and Policy in the Energy Markets
December 11, 2006 RL31923
Robert L. Pirog, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Designating Lake Saint Clair a Great Lake: Legal Analysis
Updated January 27, 2003 RL31714
Stephen R. Vina, American Law Division
Detention of American Citizens as Enemy Combatants
March 31, 2005 RL31724
Jennifer K. Elsea, American Law Division
Detention of Noncitizens in the United States
November 4, 2002 RL31606
Alison Siskin, Domestic Social Policy Division; and Margaret Mikyung Lee, American Law Division
Developing Countries: Definitions, Concepts and Comparisons
Updated December 6, 2002 RL31662
Jonathan E. Sanford and Anjula Sandhu, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Developing Debt-Limit Legislation: The House’s Gephardt Rule
July 1, 2008 RL31913
Bill Heniff, Jr., Government and Finance Division
Diamonds and Conflict: Bakcground, Policy, and Legislation
Updated July 16, 2003 RL30751
Nancy Cook, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Diesel Fuel and Engines: An Analysis of EPA’s New Regulations
Updated May 1, 2001 RL30737
Brent D. Yacobucci, James E. McCarthy, John W. Fischer, Alejandro E. Segarra, and Lawrence C. Kumins, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Dietary Supplements: Ephedra
January 23, 2007 RL30750
Donna V. Porter, Domestic Social Policy Division
Dietary Supplements: Legislative and Regulatory Status
Updated July 11, 2002 RL30887
Donna V. Porter, Domestic Social Policy Division
Dietary Supplements: Purchase with Food Stamps
Updated June 11, 2002 RL31452
Donna V. Porter, Domestic Social Policy Division
Digested Summary and Alphabetical List of Private Claims Which Have Been Presented to the House of Representatives from the First to the Thirty-first Congress
3v. Washington, D.C.: Wm. M. Belt, 1853
Digital Rights and Fair Use in Copyright Law
Updated March 24, 2003 RL31827
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division
Digital Surveillance: The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
January 29, 2008 RL30677
Patricia Moloney Figliola, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Digital Television: An Overview
January 11, 2008 RL31260
Lennard G. Kruger, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Disapproval of Regulations by Congress: Procedure Under the Congressional Review Act
Updated October 10, 2001 RL31160
Richard S. Beth, Government and Finance Division
Discretionary Spending Limits for FY2002: A Procedural Assessment
Updated May 23, 2002 RL31193
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Disqualification, Death or Ineligibility of the Winner of a Congressional Election
Updated March 20, 2002 RL31338
Jack Maskell, American Law Division
District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY2002: Comparison of General Provisions of P.L. 106-522 and House, Senate, and Conference Versions of H.R. 2944
January 20, 2002 RL31159
Eugene Boyd, Government and Finance Division
District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY2003: Comparison of General Provisions of P.L. 107-96 and S. 2809
Updated September 26, 2002 RL31592
Eugene Boyd, Government and Finance Division
Dividend Tax Relief: Effects on Economic Recovery, Long-Term Growth, and the Stock Market
April 1, 2008 RL31824
Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
DNA Evidence: Legislative Initiatives in the 106th Congress
Updated January 26, 2001 RL30694
Eric A. Fischer, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Dna Identification: Applications and Issues
Updated January 12, 2001 RL30717
Eric A. Fischer, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Do Budget Deficits Push Up Interest Rates and Is This the Relevant Question
January 2, 2008 RL31775
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
Domestic Intelligence in the United Kingdom: Applicability of the MI-5 Model to the United States
Updated May 19, 2003 RL31920
Todd Masse, Domestic Social Policy Division
Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
January 8, 2009 RL31870
J.F. Hornbeck, Specialist in International Trade and Finance
Drug Offenses: Maximum Fines and Terms of Imprisonment for Violation of the Federal Controlled Substances Act and Related Laws
October 23, 2008 RL30722
Charles Doyle and Brian T. Yeh, American Law Division
Drug Offenses: Sentencing under the United States Sentencing Guidelines – an Example
January 30, 2003 RL30721
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Dumping of Exports and Antidumping Duties: Implications for the U.S. Economy
November 23, 2004 RL31468
Craig K. Elwell, Government and Finance Division
Early Childhood Education: Preschool Participation, Program Efficacy, and Federal Policy Issues
January 19, 2006 RL31123
Gail McCallion, Domestic Social Policy Division
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): An Overview
January 3, 2008 RL31768
Christine Scott, Domestic Social Policy Division
East Timor Situation Report
Updated July 9, 2001 RL30975
Larry Niksch, Lois McHugh, and Rhoda Margesson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Economic Analysis of the Charitable Contribution Deduction for Non-Itemizers
January 26, 2007 RL31108
Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
Economic Effects of 9/11: A Retrospective Assessment
Updated September 27, 2002 RL31617
Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Economic Indicators: Country Comparisons
Updated September 5, 2000 RL30668
Shawn Waddoups, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Economic Status of Noncustodial Fathers of Children on Welfare
Updated March 7, 2002 RL31321
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies
January 16, 2009 R40104
Jane G. Gravelle, Senior Specialist in Economic Policy; Thomas L. Hunderford, Specialist in Public Finance; Mark Labonte, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy
Economics of Federal Reserve Independence
April 17, 2007 RL31056
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
Economics of the Federal Budget Deficit
January 25, 2008 RL31235
Brian W. Cashell, Government and Finance Division
Education Finance Incentive Grants Under ESEA Title I
Updated January 28, 2002 RL31256
David P. Smole, Domestic Social Policy Division
Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act
January 9, 2007 RL31487
Wayne Riddle, Domestic Social Policy Division
Education of Individuals with Disabilities: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
January 5, 2009 R40123
Nancy Lee Jones and Carol J. Toland, Legislative Attorneys
Education of Limited English Proficient and Recent Immigrant Students: Provisions in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
January 11, 2007 RL31315
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Domestic Social Policy Division
Educational Testing: Implementation of ESEA Title I-A Requirements under the No Child Left Behind Act
October 31, 2008 RL31407
Wayne C. Riddle, Domestic Social Policy Division
Effect of the Presidents Dividend Relief Proposal on Corporate Tax Subsidies
Updated March 13, 2003 RL31782
Gregg A. Esenwein and Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
Effects of Oil Shocks on the Economy: A Review of the Empirical Evidence
November 15, 2007 RL31608
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
Election Reform Legislation: Comparison of House and Senate Versions of H.R. 3295
Updated May 15, 2002 RL31417
Eric A. Fischer, Resources, Science and Industry Division; and Kevin J. Coleman, Government and Finance Division
Electoral College: An Overview and Analysis of Reform Proposals
November 5, 2004 RL30804
L. Paige Whitaker, American Law Division; and Thomas H. Neale, Government and Finance Division
Electoral Vote Counts in Congress: Survey of Certain Congressional Practices
Updated December 12, 2000 RL30769
Jack Maskell, T.J. Halstead, and Angie A. Welborn, American Law Division; and George Burkes, Information Research Division
Electric Utility Restructuring: Maintaining Bulk Power System Reliability
February 1, 2005 RL31469
Amy Abel, Larry Parker, and Steven C. Stitt, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Electric-Drive Propulsion for u.s. Navy Ships: Background and Issues for Congress
Updated July 31, 2000 RL30622
Ronald O’Rourke, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Electricity Generation and Air Quality: Multi-pollutant Strategies
Updated March 13, 2001 RL30878
Larry Parker and John E. Blodgett, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Electronic Banking: The Check Truncation Issue
Updated November 8, 2003 RL31591
Walter w. Eubanks, Government and Finance Division
Electronic Payments and the U.S. Payments System
Updated June 27, 2002 RL31476
Walter W. Eubanks and Pauline H. Smale, Government and Finance Division
Electronic Stock Market
Updated July 8, 2000 RL30602
Mark Jickling, Government and Finance Division
Electronic Warfare: EA-6B Aircraft Modernization and Related Issues for Congress
Updated December 3, 2001 RL30639
Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Eliminating International Child Labor: U.S. and International Initiatives
Updated February 28, 2003 RL31767
Tiaji Salaam, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Embassy Security: Background, Funding, and the Budget
Updated October 4, 2001 RL30662
Susan B. Epstein, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-2009
November 26, 2008 RL31095
Ralph M. Chite, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Emoluments Clause: History, Law, and Precedents
January 7, 2009 R40124
Todd B. Tatelman, Legislative Attorney
Employee Stock Options: Tax Treatment and Tax Issues
May 7, 2008 RL31458
James M. Bickley, Government and Finance Division
Employer Stock in Pension Plans: Economic and Tax Issues
Updated September 4, 2002 RL31551
Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
Employer Stock in Retirement Plans: Investment Risk and Retirement Security
Updated January 28, 2003 RL31507
Patrick J. Purcell, Domestic Social Policy Division
Employer-Provided Training
Updated May 3, 2000 RL30546
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Employment of People with Disabilities: Federal Data Sources and Trends
January 22, 2007 RL30653
Dennis M. Roth, Domestic Social Policy Division
Encryption Technology: The Debate in the 105th and 106th Congresses
Updated January 22, 2001 RL30836
Richard M. Nunno, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Endangered Species Act (ESA), Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), and Department of Defense (DOD) Readiness Activities: Background and Current Law
August 9, 2004 RL31415
Pamela Baldwin, American Law Division
Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights “Takings”
January 14, 2009 RL31796
Robert Meltz, Legislative Attorney
Endangered Species Act: A Primer
April 16, 2008 RL31654
Eugene H. Buck and M. Lynne Corn, Resources, Science, and Industry Division; Kristina Alexander, American Law Division
Endangered Species Act: Consideration of Economic Factors
Updated April 15, 2003 RL30792
Pamela Baldwin, American Law Division
Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation Legislation in the 107th Congress
Updated September 19, 2001 RL31127
Fred Sissine, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fuel Equivalents to Potential Oil Production from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
Updated June 22, 2001 RL31033
Fred Sissine, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Energy Efficiency and the Rebound Effect
Updated November 19, 2001 RL31188
Frank Gottron, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Energy Policy: Conceptual Framework and Continuing Issues
March 7, 2007 RL31720
Robert Bamberger, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Energy Provisions of the Farm Bill: Comparison of New Law with Previous Law and House and Senate Bills
January 22, 2003 RL31271
Brent D. Yacobucci, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Energy: Selected Facts and Numbers
August 8, 2008 RL31849
Carol Glover and Carl E. Behrens, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Enforcement of Congressional Rules of Conduct: An Historical Overview
November 18, 2008 RL30764
Mildred Amer, Government and Finance Division
Enron and Stock Analyst Objectivity
Updated January 6, 2003 RL31348
Gary W. Shorter, Government and Finance Division
Enron: Selected Securities, Accounting, and Pension Laws Possibly Implicated in its Collapse
Updated January 16, 2002 RL31248
Michael V. Seitzinger and Marie B. Morris, American Law Division; and Mark Jickling, Government and Finance Division
Entering the Executive Branch of Government: Potential Conflicts of Interest With Previous Employments and Affiliations
December 11, 2007 RL31822
Jack Maskell, American Law Division
Environmental Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: What Are the Human Health Risks?
Updated February 4, 2002 RL31267
Linda-Jo Schierow and Eugene H. Buck, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Environmental Laws: Summaries of Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
January 7, 2008 RL30798
Susan Fletcher, Claudia Copeland, Linda Luther; James E. McCarthy, Mark Reisch, Linda-Jo Schierow, and Mary Tiemann, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Environmental Protection: New Approaches
Updated December 11, 2000 RL30760
John E. Blodgett, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Epa’s Total Maximum Daily Load (Tmdl) Program: Highlights of the Final Revised Rule
Updated July 18, 2000 RL30611
Claudia Copeland, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Estate and Gift Tax Law: Changes Under the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
Updated January 29, 2002 RL31061
Nonna A Noto, Government and Finance Division
Estate and Gift Taxes: Economic Issues
March 19, 2008 RL30600
Jane G. Gravelle and Donald J. Marples, Government and Finance Division
Estate Tax Legislation in the 108th Congress
May 14, 2004 RL31776
Nonna A. Noto, Government and Finance Division
Ethiopa-Eritrea Conflict
Updated July 6, 2000 RL30598
Theodros Dagne, Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division
Europe and Counterterrorism: Strengthening Police and Judicial Cooperation
October 15, 2004 RL31509
Kristin Archick, Consultant, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
European Counterterrorist Efforts Since September 11: Political Will and Diverse Responses
Updated October 17, 2002 RL31612
Paul E. Gallis, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude
June 12, 2008 RL30608
William H. Cooper, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Evolution of the Senate’s Role in the Nomination and Confirmation Process: A Brief History
July 2, 2008 RL31948
Betsy Palmer, Government and Finance Division
Examination of the Issues Surrounding Biotechnology Patenting and its Effect Upon Entrepreneurial Companies
Updated August 31, 2000 RL30648
John R. Thomas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Examples of Legislative Provisions in Annual Appropriations Acts
September 4, 2008 RL30619
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Executive Branch Continuity of Operations (COOP): An Overview
February 2, 2005 RL31857
R. Eric Petersen, Government and Finance Division
Expedited Citizenship Through Military Service: Current Law, Policy and Issues
February 11, 2008 RL31884
Margaret Mikyung Lee, American Law Division; Ruth Ellen Wasem, Domestic Social Policy Division
Expedited Procedures in the House: Variations Enacted into Law
June 6, 2007 RL30599
Christopher M. Davis, Government and Finance Division
Explanation of and Experience under the Family and Medical Leave Act
February 7, 2003 RL30893
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Export Administration Act of 2001: Side-by-Side of S. 149 and H.R. 2541
Updated April 30, 2002 RL31398
Ian F. Fergusson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Export Administration Act: Evolution, Provisions, and Debate
January 15, 2009 RL31832
Ian F. Fergusson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance
Export-Import Banks Economic Impact Procedures: An Overview
Updated November 25, 2002 RL31646
James K. Jackson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Expulsion, Censure, Reprimand, and Fine: Legislative Discipline in the House of Representatives
January 25, 2005 RL31382
Jack Maskell, American Law Division
Extending the Internet Tax Moratorium and Related Issues
Updated January 17, 2002 RL31177
Nonna A Noto, Government and Finance Division
F-22A Raptor
December 19, 2008 RL31673
Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background, Status, and Issues
August 29, 2008 RL30563
Anthony Murch and Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Fair Credit Reporting Act: Rights and Responsibilities
May 4, 2007 RL31666
Margaret Mikyung Lee, American Law Division
Fairness Doctrine: History and Constitutional Issues
January 12, 2009 R40009
Kathleen Ann Ruane, Legislative Attorney
Family and Medical Leave Act: Current Legislative and Regulatory Activity
November 26, 2008 RL31760
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Family Caregiving to the Elderly by Employed Persons: The Effects on Working Caregivers, Employers, and Federal Policy
Updated March 3, 2003 RL31755
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Family Law: Congress’s Authority to Legislate on Domestic Relations Questions
October 25, 2007 RL31201
Alison M. Smith, American Law Division
Farm Economic Relief and Policy Issues in the 106th Congress: A Retrospective
Updated January 8, 2001 RL30794
Jasper Womach and Geoffrey S. Becker, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Fashioning A Tax Cut Trigger: Economic Issues
Updated January 29, 2002 RL30948
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
Fatherhood Initiatives: Connecting Fathers to Their Children
October 16, 2007 RL31025
Carmen Solomon-Fears, Domestic Social Policy Division
FCC Media Ownership Rules: Current Status and Issues for Congress
December 26, 2007 RL31925
Charles B. Goldfarb, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
FDA Authority to Oversee Private Laboratories that Analyze Imported FDA-Regulated Food
January 2, 2009 R40109
Vanessa K. Burrows, Legislative Attorney
Fear, the Accuser
1v. New York: Abelard-Schuman, 1954
Gillmor, Dan
Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act and Circular A-76
April 6, 2007 RL31024
L. Elaine Halchin, Government and Finance Division
Federal Agency Emergency Preparedness and Dismissal of Employees
Updated March 4, 2003 RL31739
L. Elaine Halchin, Government and Finance Division
Federal Aid to Libraries in the Museum and Library Services Act of 2003
September 26, 2006 RL31320
Gail McCallion, Domestic Social Policy Division
Federal and State Initiatives to Integrate Acute and Long-Term Care: Issues & Profiles
Updated January 22, 2001 RL30813
Edward Alan Miller, Domestic Social Policy Division
Federal and State Regulation of Research Involving Human Fetal Tissue
Updated October 9, 2001 RL31147
Jon O. Shimabukuro, American Law Division
Federal Arbitration Act: Background and Recent Developments
Updated August 15, 2003 RL30934
Jon O. Shimabukuro, American Law Division
Federal Budget Process Reform in the 111th Congress: A Brief Overview
January 16, 2009 R40113
Robert Keith, Specialist in American National Government
Federal Budget Process Reform: Analysis of Five Reform Issues
Updated July 1, 2002 RL31478
James V. Saturno and Bill Heniff, Jr., Government and Finance Division
Federal Budget Process Reform: Proposals and Legislative Actions in the 107th Congress
Updated October 1, 2002 RL31479
Bill Heniff, Jr., Government and Finance Division
Federal Budget: Current and Upcoming Issues
January 7, 2009 R40088
Mindy R. Levit, Analyst in Public Finance; D. Andrew Austin, Analyst in Economic Policy
Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO): Opportunities and Challenges
Updated July 2, 2002 RL30914
Jeffrey W. Seifert, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Federal Crop Insurance and the Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000 (p.l. 106-224)
Updated November 13, 2000 RL30739
Ralph M. Chite, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Federal Disaster Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries
March 18, 2008 RL31734
Mary Jordan, Knowledge Services Group
Federal Employee Awards and Incentives: Title 5 Authorities and Potential Issues for Congress
December 9, 2008 R40031
Clinton T. Brass, Government and Finance Division
Federal Excise Tax on Telephone Service: A History
June 30, 2005 RL30553
Louis Alan Talley, Government and Finance Division
Federal Funding for Unauthorized Aliens’ Emergency Medical Expenses
October 18, 2004 RL31630
Alison M. Siskin, Domestic Social Policy Division
Federal Government Debt: Its Size and Economic Significance
January 29, 2008 RL31590
Brian W. Cashell, Government and Finance Division
Federal Grants to State and Local Governments: A Brief History
March 13, 2008 RL30705
Natalie P. Love, Government and Finance Division
Federal Highway Assistance to U.S. Territories: Legislative/Funding History and Reauthorization Options
Updated July 15, 2003 RL31431
Robert S. Kirk, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Federal Income Tax and the Treatment of Married Couples: Background and Analysis
Updated March 29, 2001 RL30800
Gregg A. Esenwein, Government and Finance Division
Federal Interagency Coordinative Mechanisms: Varied Types and Numerous Devices
Updated July 22, 2002 RL31357
Frederick M. Kaiser, Government and Finance Division
Federal Laws Related to Identity Theft
January 30, 2008 RL31919
Gina Marie Stevens, American Law Division
Federal Migrant Education Program as Amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
January 19, 2006 RL31325
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Domestic Social Policy Division
Federal Minimum Wage: The Issue of Indexation
January 22, 2007 RL30927
Gerald Mayer, Domestic Social Policy Division
Federal Pay: FY2003 Salary Adjustments
Updated March 25, 2003 RL31291
Barbara L. Schwemle, Government and Finance Division
Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education Act: Background and Reauthorization
January 30, 2008 RL31668
Charmaine Mercer, Domestic Social Policy Division
Federal Research and Development Organization, Policy, and Funding for Counterterrorism
Updated September 19, 2002 RL31576
Genevieve J. Knezo, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Federal Research and Development: Budgeting and Priority-Setting, 1993-2000
Updated March 14, 2001 RL30905
Genevieve J. Knezo, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
FEDERAL SENTENCING: HOW MUCH MAY THE JUDGE DECIDE-THE IMPACT OF THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION IN APPRENDI v. NEW JERSEY
Updated March 15, 2001 RL30888
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Federal Statutes: What They Are and Where to Find Them
December 27, 2007 RL30812
Cassandra Foley, Knowledge Services Group
Federal Student Loans Made Under the Federal Family Education Loan Program and the William D Ford Federal Direct Loan Program: Terms and Conditions for Borrowers
December 15, 2008 R40122
David P. Smole, Specialist in Education Policy
Federal Sunset Proposals: Developments in the 94th to 107th Congresses
Updated June 17, 2002 RL31455
Virginia A. McMurtry, Government and Finance Division
Federal Tax Benefits for Families’ K-12 Education Expenses in the Context of School Choice
January 27, 2006 RL31439
Linda Levine and David P. Smole, Domestic Social Policy Division
Federal Tax Provisions of Interest to the Disabled
Updated August 29, 2002 RL31563
Louis Alan Talley, Government and Finance Division
Federal Taxation of the Pharmaceutical Industry: Effects on New Drug Development and Legislative Initiatives in the 109th Congress
June 1, 2005 RL31511
Gary Guenther, Government and Finance Division
Federal White-Collar Pay: FY2004 Salary Adjustments
April 22, 2004 RL31823
Barbara L. Schwemle, Government and Finance Division
Federal Workforce Flexibilities: A Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 129 (108th Congress) with Current Law
June 30, 2004 RL31516
Barbara L. Schwemle and L. Elaine Halchin, Government and Finance Division
Federal Workforce Flexibility Act of 2003: S. 129 (108th Congress)
July 1, 2004 RL31518
Barbara L. Schwemle and L. Elaine Halchin, Government and Finance Division
Federal-Aid Highway Program: “Donor-Donee” State Issues
June 10, 2005 RL31735
Robert S. Kirk, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Federalism Through Tax Interdependence: An Overview
Updated January 25, 2001 RL30817
Steven Maguire, Government and Finance Division
Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs
August 26, 2008 RL30478
Betsy A. Cody, Claudia Copeland, Mary Tiemann, Nicole T. Carter, and Jeffrey A. Zinn, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
FEMA Funding for Flood Map Modernization
December 16, 2008 R40073
Wayne A. Morrissey, Information Research Specialist
Fifth Summit of the Americas, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, April 2009: Background, Agenda, and Expectations
December 17, 2008 R40074
Peter J. Meyer, Analyst in Latin American Affairs
Filling Advice and Consent Positions at the Outset of a New Administration
December 18, 2008 R40119
Henry B. Hogue, Analyst in American National Government; Maureen Bearden, Information Research Specialist; Betsy Palmer, Analyst on the Congress and Legislative Process
Financial Market Turmoil and U.S. Macroeconomic Performance
December 3, 2008 R40007
Craig K. Elwell, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy
Financial Privacy: The Economics of Opt-In vs. Opt-Out
Updated February 12, 2004 RL31758
Loretta Nott, Government and Finance Division
Financial Risk: An Overview of Market and Policy Considerations
Updated June 28, 2001 RL31045
Mark Jickling, Government and Finance Division
Financing Issues and Economic Effects of American Wars
July 29, 2008 RL31176
Marc Labonte and Mindy Levit, Government and Finance Division
Firearms Prohibitions and Domestic Violence Convictions: The Lautenberg Amendment
Updated October 1, 2001 RL31143
T.J. Halstead, American Law Division
Firms That Incorporate Abroad for Tax Purposes: Corporate “Inversions” and “Expatriation”
March 11, 2008 RL31444
Donald J. Marples, Government and Finance Division
First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the House Floor
Updated October 31, 2008 RL30725
Mildred Amer, Government and Finance Division
First Year: Assessments of Cooperation Between Newly Elected Presidents and Congress
Updated January 30, 2001 RL30823
Harold C. Relyea, Frederick M. Kaiser, and Stephen W. Stathis, Government and Finance Division
Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Online News and Information Sources
September 15, 2004 RL30856
Eugene H. Buck, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Fixed Exchange Rates, Floating Exchange Rates: What Have We Learned
June 6, 2007 RL31204
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
Florida Everglades Restoration: Background on Implementation and Early Lessons
Updated October 30, 2002 RL31621
Pervaze A. Sheikh, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Food Safety Issues in the 109th Congress
June 16, 2005 RL31853
Donna U. Vogt, Domestic Social Policy Division
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Policy: Key Issues in the 107th Congress
Updated February 27, 2001 RL30776
Valerie Bailey Grasso and Susan B. Epstein, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 108th Congress
Updated January 3, 2003 RL31688
Lawrence Kapp and Thomas Lum, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Foreign Aid Authorization: The Technical Assistance, Trade Promotion, and Anti-Corruption Act of 2000
Updated October 12, 2000 RL30530
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Foreign Aid Reform: Studies and Recommendations
December 17, 2008 R40102
Susan B. Epstein, Specialist in Foreign Policy; Matthew C. Weed, Analyst in Foreign Policy Legislation
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations
December 15, 2008 R40089
Dianne E. Rennack, Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation
Foreign Assistance to North Korea
May 26, 2005 RL31785
Mark E. Manyin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Foreign Direct Investment in China
Updated February 14, 2003 RL31749
Dick K. Nanto and Radha Sinha, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: An Overview of the Statutory Framework and U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review Decisions
February 15, 2007 RL30465
Elizabeth B. Bazan, American Law Division
Foreign Intercity Passenger Rail: Lessons for Amtrak
Updated June 7, 2002 RL31442
John F. Frittelli, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Foreign Investor Protection Under NAFTA Chapter 11
September 29, 2003 RL31638.pdf
Robert Meltz
Foreign Language and International Studies: Federal Aid under Title VI of the Higher Education Act
January 9, 2008 RL31625
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Domestic Social Policy Division
Foreign Relations Authorization, FY2003: An Overview
Updated November 8, 2002 RL31046
Susan B. Epstein, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Foreign Remittances to Latin America
Updated December 12, 2003 RL31659
Walter W. Eubanks and Pauline H. Smale, Government and Finance Division
Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) Tax Benefit for Exporting: WTO Issues and Economic Analysis
Updated December 11, 2000 RL30684
David L. Brumbaugh, Government and Finance Division
Foreign Students in the United States: Policies and Legislation
April 28, 2008 RL31146
Chad C. Haddal, Domestic Social Policy Division
Foreign Support for the U.S.-Led War on Terrorism
Updated August 8, 2003 RL31152
Regina Dubey, Huda Aden, Amanda Douglas, and Steven A. Hildreth, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Forest Fire/Wildfire Protection
January 17, 2008 RL30755
Ross W. Gorte, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Forestry Assistance Programs
January 15, 2009 RL31065
Rooss W. Gorte
Formulation of Monetary Policy by the Federal Reserve: Rules vs. Discretion
Updated July 19, 2001 RL31050
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
France and the United States: Allies and Rivals
Updated August 15, 2000 RL30646
Paul E. Gallis, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy
Updated January 13, 2009 RL31356
William H. Cooper, Specialist in International Trade and Finance
Funding for Public Charter School Facilities: Federal Policy under the ESEA
February 8, 2006 RL31128
David P. Smole, Domestic Social Policy Division
Funeral Services: The Industry, Its Workforce, and Labor Standards
Updated February 9, 2005 RL30697
William G. Whittaker, Domestic Social Policy Division
General Management Laws: A Compendium
May 19, 2004 RL30795
Clinton, T. Brass, Government and Finance Division
General Overview of United States Antitrust Law
November 17, 2005 RL31026
Janice E. Rubin, American Law Division
General Revenue Sharing: Background and Analysis
January 9, 2009 RL31936
Steven Maguire, Specialist in Public Finance
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: Selected Issues
December 5, 2008 R40116
Amanda K. Sarata, Analyst in Health Policy and Genetics
German Elections of 2002: Aftermath and Implications for the United States
Updated September 27, 2002 RL31586
Francis T. Miko, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Global Capital Market Integration: Implications for U.S. Economic Performance
Updated January 12, 2001 RL30514
Craig K. Elwell, Government and Finance Division
Global Climate Change: Federal Research on Possible Human Health Effects
February 10, 2006 RL31519
Michael Simpson, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Global Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol
July 21, 2005 RL30692
Susan R. Fletcher, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: Background
April 26, 2006 RL31712
Tiaji Salaam, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Global Markets: Evaluating Some Risks the U.S. May Face
Updated February 5, 2003 RL30891
Craig K. Elwell, Government and Finance Division
Global Taxation and the United Nations: A Review of Proposals
Updated May 3, 2002 RL31405
Marjorie Ann Browne, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Globalization: Implications for U.S. National Security
Updated June 15, 2001 RL31018
Robert Shuey, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Government at the Dawn of the 21st Century: A Status Report
Updated January 17, 2001 RL30808
Harold C. Relyea, Government and Finance Division
Government Information Technology Management: Past and Future Issues (The Clinger-Cohen Act)
Updated January 15, 2002 RL30661
Jeffrey W. Seifert, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Government Performance and Results Act: Overview of Associated Provisions in the 106th Congress
Updated December 20, 2002 RL31678
Virginia A. McMurtry, Government and Finance Division
Growth of the Private Sector in China and Implications for China’s Accession to the World Trade Organization
Updated March 28, 2001 RL30519
Wayne M. Morrison, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Harbor Maintenance Funding
Updated January 13, 2004 RL31264
John F. Frittelli, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Hate Crimes: Summary of Selected Proposals and Congressional Authority
Updated May 17, 2002 RL30681
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Head Start: Background and Issues
April 24, 2008 RL30952
Melinda Gish, Domestic Social Policy Division
Health Care Spending: Past Trends and Projections
June 17, 2005 RL31094
Paulette C. Morgan, Domestic Social Policy Division
Health Expenditures in 2005
January 26, 2006 RL31374
Paulette C. Morgan, Domestic Social Policy Division
Health in Russia and Other Soviet Successor States: Context and Issues for Congress
Updated November 19, 2003 RL30970
Jim Nichol and Lois B. McHugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996: Overview and Guidance on Frequently Asked Questions
January 24, 2005 RL31634
Hinda R. Chaikind, Jean Hearne, Bob Lyke, and Stephen Redhead, Domestic Social Policy Division
Health Insurance: Federal Data Sources for Analyses of the Uninsured
Updated February 7, 2002 RL31275
Chris L. Peterson and Christine Devere, Domestic Social Policy Division
Health Insurance: State High-Risk Pools
October 1, 2008 RL31745
Bernadette Fernandez, Domestic Social Policy Division
Hearings in the House of Representatives: A Guide for Preparation and Procedure
June 13, 2006 RL30539
Thomas P. Carr, Government and Finance Division
Hearings in the U.S. Senate: A Guide for Preparation and Procedure
December 3, 2007 RL30548
Betsy Palmer, Government and Finance Division
High Speed Rail: Development and Investment Issues in the 107th Congress
Updated September 7, 2001 RL31027
David Randall Peterman, Resources, Science, and Industry Division; and Steven Maguire, Government and Finance Division
Higher Education Tax Credits and Deduction: An Overview of the Benefits and Their Relationship to Traditional Student Aid
January 8, 2008 RL31129
Linda Levine and Charmaine Mercer, Domestic Social Policy Division
Higher Education Tax Credits: Targeting, Value, and Interaction with Other Federal Student Aid
Updated July 2, 2002 RL31484
Adam Stoll and James B. Stedman, Domestic Social Policy Division
High-Threat Biological Agents: Characteristics, Effects, and Policy Implications
Updated October 30, 2003 RL31864
Dana A. Shea, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
High-Threat Chemical Agents: Characteristics, Effects, and Policy Implications
Updated September 9, 2003 RL31861
Dana A. Shea, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Highway and Transit Program Reauthorization
Updated December 11, 2002 RL31665
John W. Fischer, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
History of the Extraterritorial Income (ETI) and Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) Export Tax-Benefit Controversy
September 22, 2006 RL31660
David L. Brumbaugh, Government and Finance Division
HIV/AIDS, Patents and the TRIPS Agreement: Issues and Options
Updated July 27, 2001 RL31066
John R. Thomas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Hiv-1/aids and Military Manpower Policy
Updated November 28, 2000 RL30761
David Burrelli and Marte Wenaas, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Homeland Security – Reducing the Vulnerability of Public and Private Information Infrastructures to Terrorism: An Overview
Updated February 10, 2004 RL31542
Jeffery W. Seifert, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Homeland Security Act of 2002: Critical Infrastructure Information Act
Updated February 28, 2003 RL31762
Gina Marie Stevens, American Law Division
Homeland Security Act of 2002: Tort Liability Provisions
May 9, 2008 RL31649
Henry Cohen, American Law Division
Homeland Security Department Proposals: Scope of Personnel Flexibilities
Updated August 30, 2002 RL31548
Thomas J. Nicola, American Law Division
Homeland Security Office: Issues and Options
Updated May 20, 2002 RL31421
Rensselaer Lee, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Homeland Security: 9/11 Victim Relief Funds
December 10, 2004 RL31716
M. Ann Wolfe, Domestic Social Policy Division
Homeland Security: Department Organization and Management – Legislative Phase
February 25, 2003 RL31493
Harold C. Relyea, Government and Finance Division
Homeland Security: Department Organization and ManagementImplementation Phase
January 3, 2005 RL31751
Harold C. Relyea, Government and Finance Division
Homeland Security: Human Resources Management
February 20, 2004 RL31500
Barbara L. Schwemle, Government and Finance Division
Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles
February 16, 2006 RL31741
Christopher Bolkcom t, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; and Bartholomew Elias, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Homeland Security: The Presidential Coordination Office
Updated March 30, 2004 RL31148
Harold C. Relyea, Government and Finance Division
Homosexuality and the Constitution: A Legal Analysis of the Supreme Court Ruling in Lawrence v. Texas
May 26, 2005 RL31681
Jody Feder, American Law Division
Hong Kong’s Ongoing Transition: Implications of Chinese Sovereignty in 2001
Updated March 23, 2001 RL30895
Kerry Dumbaugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
House and Senate Committee Organization and Jurisdiction: Considerations Related to Proposed Department of Homeland Security
Updated June 10, 2002 RL31449
Judy Schneider, Government and Finance Division
House and Senate Rules of Procedure: A Comparison
April 16, 2008 RL30945
Judy Schneider, Government and Finance Division
House Apportionment Formula in Theory and Practice
Updated October 10, 2000 RL30711
David C. Huckabee, Government and Finance Division
House of Representatives Apportionment Formula: An Analysis of Proposals for Change and Their Impact on States
Updated August 10, 2001 RL31074
David C. Huckabee, Government and Finance Division
House of Representatives Information Technology Management Issues: An Overview of the Effects on Institutional Operations, the Legislative Process, and Future Planning
April 2, 2003 RL31103
Jeffrey W. Seifert, R. Eric Petersen
House Offset Amendments to Appropriations Bills: Procedural Considerations
December 13, 2006 RL31055
Sandy Streeter, Government and Finance Division
House Resolutions of Inquiry
November 25, 2008 RL31909
Christopher M. Davis, Government and Finance Division
House Rules Changes Affecting the Congressional Budget Process in the 108th Congress (H.Res. 5)
Updated February 28, 2003 RL31728
Bill Heniff, Jr., Government and Finance Division
House Schedule: Recent Practices and Proposed Options
Updated February 2, 2001 RL30825
Richard S. Beth, Government and Finance Division
Housing Issues in the 107th Congress
February 7, 2003 RL30916
E. Richard Bourdon, Domestic Social Policy Division
Human Cloning
July 20, 2006 RL31358
Judith A. Johnson and Erin Williams, Domestic Social Policy Division
Identity Theft: An Overview of Proposed Legislation in the 107th Congress
Updated February 21, 2003 RL31752
Angie A. Welborn, American Law Division
Imagery Intelligence: Issues for Congress
Updated April 12, 2002 RL31369
Richard A. Best, Jr., Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Imf and World Bank Activities in Russia and Asia: Some Conflicting Perspectives
Updated March 15, 2000 RL30467
Jonathan E. Sanford, John P. Hardt, and Dick K. Nanto, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; and Robert H. Howe, Office of Information Resources Management
IMF Reform and the International Financial Institutions Advisory Commission
Updated January 5, 2001 RL30635
J.F. Hornbeck, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Immigration: Adjustment to Permanent Resident Status Under Section 245(i)
January 15, 2003 RL31373
Andorra Bruno, Domestic Social Policy Division
Immigration: Alien Registration
Updated January 6, 2004 RL31570
Andorra Bruno, Domestic Social Policy Division
Immigration: Foreign Physicians and the J-1 Visa Waiver Program
December 9, 2004 RL31460
Karma A. Ester, Domestic Social Policy Division
Immigration: International Child Adoption
September 9, 2005 RL31769
Alison Siskin, Domestic Social Policy Division
Immigration: Legislative Issues on Nonimmigrant Professional Specialty (H-1B) Workers
August 23, 2007 RL30498
Ruth Ellen Wasem, Domestic Social Policy Division
Immigration: Noncitizen Eligibility for Needs-Based Housing Programs
July 18, 2008 RL31753
Alison Siskin and Maggie McCarty, Domestic Social Policy Division
Immigration: Registry as Means of Obtaining Lawful Permanent Residence
August 22, 2001 RL30578
Andorra Bruno, Domestic Social Policy Division
Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement Performance Measures
December 2, 2008 R40002
Andorra Bruno, Specialist in Immigration Policy
Impact of Mobilization on Student Reservists
Updated October 8, 2002 RL31601
Lawrence Kapp and Tiffanyh Petros, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Impoundment and Sale of Cattle Trespassing on Federal Public Lands
Updated August 14, 2001 RL31081
Pamela Baldwin, American Law Division
Independent Counsel Law Expiration and the Appointment of Special Counsels
Updated January 15, 2002 RL31246
Jack Maskell, American Law Division
Individual Alternative Minimum Tax: Interaction with Marriage Penalty Relief and Other Tax Cuts
Updated June 12, 2001 RL30485
Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
Individual Retirement Accounts and 401(k) Plans: Early Withdrawals and Required Distributions
December 22, 2008 RL31770
Patrick J. Purcell, Domestic Social Policy Division
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Medicaid
Updated January 31, 2003 RL31722
Richard N. Apling and Elicia J. Herz, Domestic Social Policy Division
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Early Childhood Programs (Section 619 and Part C)
Updated February 6, 2002 RL31273
Richard N. Apling, Domestic Social Policy Division
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Identification and Misidentification of Children with Disabilities
Updated November 20, 2001 RL31189
Richard N. Apling, Domestic Social Policy Division
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Mediation Provisions
September 26, 2006 RL31331
Nancy Lee Jones, American Law Division
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Possible Voucher Issues
April 8, 2003 RL31489
Richard N. Apling and David P. Smole, Domestic Social Policy Division; and Nancy L. Jones, American Law Division
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Selected Changes that Would be Made to the Law by H.R. 1350, 108th Congress
Updated January 30, 2004 RL31830
Nancy Lee Jones, American Law Division; and Richard N. Apling, Domestic Social Policy Division
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): State Grant Formulas
January 24, 2003 RL31480
Richard N. Apling, Domestic Social Policy Division
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Final Part B Regulations
December 11, 2008 R40055
Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney; Ann Lordeman, Specialist in Social Policy
Industry Trade Effects Related to NAFTA
Updated October 30, 2003 RL31386
M. Angeles Villarreal, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Information Operations, Electronic Warfare, and Cyberwar: Capabilities and Related Policy Issues
June 5, 2007 RL31787
Clay Wilson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Informing Congress: The Role of the Executive in Times of War and Military Conflict, 1941-2001
Updated August 2, 2002 RL31526
Harold C. Relyea and L. Elaine Halchin, Government and Finance Division
Innocent Landowners and Prospective Purchasers under the Superfund Act
Updated May 8, 2003 RL31911
Robert Meltz, American Law Division
Intelligence Community and 9/11: Congressional Hearings and the Status of the Investigation
Updated January 16, 2003 RL31650
Richard A. Best, Jr., Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Intelligence to Counter Terrorism: Issues for Congress
Updated May 27, 2003 RL31292
Richard A. Best, Jr., Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Intercountry Adoption Act of 2000 and International Adoptions
March 29, 2006 RL30979
Douglas Reid Weimer, American Law Division
Intermodal Connectors: A Method for Improving Transportation Efficiency
Updated May 7, 2003 RL31887
John F. Frittelli, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Intermodal Rail Freight: A Role for Federal Funding
August 18, 2004 RL31834
John F. Frittelli, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
International Affairs Budget Trends, FY1980-FY2000
Updated September 29, 2000 RL30515
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
International Criminal Court: Overview and Selected Legal Issues
Updated June 5, 2002 RL31437
Jennifer Elsea, American Law Division
International Family Planning: The Mexico City Policy
Updated April 2, 2001 RL30830
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
International Monetary Fund: An Overview of Its Mission and Operations
Updated June 6, 2000 RL30575
J.F. Hornbeck, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001, Title III of P.L. 107-56 (USA PATRIOT Act)
Updated December 4, 2001 RL31208
M. Maureen Murphy, American Law Division
International Tax Provisions of the American Competitiveness and Corporate Accountability Act (H.R. 5095)
Updated September 20, 2002 RL31574
David L. Brumbaugh, Government and Finance Division
Internet and the USA PATRIOT Act: Potential Implications for Electronic Privacy, Security, Commerce, and Government
Updated March 4, 2002 RL31289
Marcia S. Smith, Jeffrey W. Seifert, Glenn J. McLoughlin, and John Dimitri Moteff, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Internet Banking: Changing Expectations and Regulations
Updated March 12, 2002 RL31327
Walter W. Eubanks, Government and Finance Division
Internet Privacy: Overview and Legislation in the 109th Congress, 1st Session
January 26, 2006 RL31408
Marcia S. Smith, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Internet Tax Bills in the 107th Congress: A Brief Comparison
Updated December 6, 2001 RL31158
Nonna A Noto, Government and Finance Division
Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2001 Update
Updated July 19, 2001 RL31051
James E. McCarthy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2002 Update
Updated November 26, 2002 RL31651
James E. McCarthy and Anne L. Hardenbergh, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Involuntary Reserve Activations for U.S. Military Operations Since World War II
Updated August 14, 2000 RL30637
Lawrence Kapp, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
IRAN: Arms and Weapons of Mass Destruction Suppliers
Updated January 3, 2003 RL30551
Kenneth Katzman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iran’s Nuclear Program: Tehran’s Compliance with International Obligations
December 4, 2008 R40094
Paul K. Kerr, Analyst in Nonproliferation
Iraq War: Background and Issues Overview
Updated April 22, 2003 RL31715
Raymond W. Copson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq War: Defense Program Implications for Congress
Updated June 4, 2003 RL31946
Ronald O’Rourke, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq: Authorization of Use of U.S. Armed Forces: Side-by-Side Comparison of Public Law 107-243 and Selected Legislative Proposals
Updated October 16, 2002 RL31596
Dianne E. Rennack, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq: Differing Views in the Domestic Policy Debate
Updated October 16, 2002 RL31607
Johanna Bockman, Meaghan Marshall, Anjula Sandhu, and Steven A. Hildreth, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq: International Attitudes to Operation Iraqi Freedom and Reconstruction
December 18, 2003 RL31843
Steven A. Hildreth, Jeremy Sharp, Melanie Caesar, Adam Frost, and Helene Machart, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, Illicit Trade, and Investigations
January 24, 2007 RL30472
Kenneth Katzman and Christopher M. Blanchard, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security
January 14, 2009 RL31339
Kenneth Katzman, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs
Iraq: Reconstruction Assistance
November 14, 2008 RL31833
Curt Tarnoff, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq: The Debate over U.S. Policy
Updated February 27, 2003 RL31756
Richard P. Cronin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq: Turkey, the Deployment of U.S. Forces, and Related Issues
Updated May 2, 2003 RL31794
Carol Migdalovitz, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations
July 18, 2008 RL31766
Thomas Coipuram, Jr., Knowledge Services Group
Iraq-Kuwait: United Nations Security Council Resolutions Texts-1992-2002
January 28, 2003 RL31611
Marjorie Ann Browne, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraqs Economy: Past, Present, Future
Updated June 3, 2003 RL31944
Jonathan E. Sanford, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Iraq-U.S. Confrontation: A Chronology of Events from October 2002 to March 2003
Updated March 11, 2003 RL31667
Jeremy M. Sharp, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
IRS: Status of Restructuring and Reform at the Opening of the 107th Congress
Updated March 22, 2001 RL30899
Sylvia Morrison and Gary Guenther, Government and Finance Division
Israel and Hamas: Conflict in Gaza (2008-2009)
January 15, 2009 R40101
Jim Zanotti, Coordinator, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs
Israel and the Palestinians: Prospects for a Two-State Solution
December 10, 2008 R40092
Jim Zanotti, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs
Issue of Globalization-An Overview
Updated May 3, 2001 RL30955
Gary J. Wells, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Japan’s Economic and Security Challenges
Updated October 16, 2002 RL31609
Dick K. Nanto, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Japan-U.S. Cooperation on Ballistic Missile Defense: Issues and Prospects
Updated March 19, 2002 RL31337
Richard P. Cronin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Job Loss and Infrastructure Job Creation During the Recession
December 23, 2008 R40080
Linda Levine, Specialist in Labor Economics
Job Training: Characteristics of Workforce Training Participants
Updated April 12, 2001 RL30929
Ann Lordeman, Domestic Social Policy Division
Jobs and Growth Tax Act (H.R. 2): A Brief Overview of the House Tax-Cut Bill
Updated May 12, 2003 RL31904
David L. Brumbaugh, Government and Finance Division
Joint Strike Fighter (JSF): Potential National Security Questions Pertaining to a Single Production Line
Updated April 10, 2002 RL31360
Christopher Bolkcom and Daniel Else, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Juvenile Delinquents and Federal Criminal Law: The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act and Related Matters
October 25, 2004 RL30822
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
K-12 Education Funding: Authorizations and Appropriations for FY2002
Updated January 15, 2003 RL31244
Paul M. Irwin, Domestic Social Policy Division
K-12 Education: Highlights of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-110)
January 7, 2008 RL31284
Wayne Riddle, Richard N. Apling, Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Gail McCallion, David P. Smole, and Roger Walke, Domestic Social Policy Division
K-12 Education: Special Forms of Flexibility in the Administration of Federal Aid Programs
January 10, 2008 RL31583
Wayne Clifton Riddle, Domestic Social Policy Division
K-12 Teacher Quality: Issues and Legislative Action
March 21, 2008 RL30834
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Domestic Social Policy Division
Kashmiri Separatists: Origins, Competing Ideologies, and Prospects for Resolution of the Conflict
Updated September 30, 2002 RL31587
Kaia Leather, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Klamath River Basin Issues: An Overview of Water Use Conflicts
Updated August 27, 2001 RL31098
Betsy A. Cody and Eugene H. Buck, Resources, Science, and Industry Division; and Pamela Baldwin, American Law Division
Kosovo and the 106th Congress
Updated January 18, 2001 RL30729
Julie Kim, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence
June 20, 2008 RL31053
Steven Woehrel and Julie Kim, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Kosovo: Reconstruction and Development Assistance
Updated June 7, 2001 RL30453
Curt Tarnoff, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Labor Market Characteristics of Agricultural Workers in the United States, 1996-2001
January 24, 2003 RL31614
Gerald Mayer, Domestic Social Policy Division
Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 108th Congress
December 20, 2004 RL31726
Mark P. Sullivan, J.F. Hornbeck, Clare Ribando, K. Larry Storrs, Maureen Taft-Morales, and Connie Veillette, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Latin America and the Caribbean: Legislative Issues in 2001-2002
Updated December 6, 2002 RL30971
K. Larry Storrs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Lebanon: Background and U.S. Relations
December 16, 2008 R40054
Casey L. Addis, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs
Legal Issues Related to Proposed Drilling for Oil and Gas in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
May 4, 2005 RL31115
Pamela Baldwin, American Law Division
Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill: Structure, Content, and Process
December 23, 2008 R40083
Lorraine H. Tong, Analyst in Amrican National Government
Legislative Branch Staffing, 1954-2007
October 15, 2008 R40056
R. Eric Petersen, Analyst in American National Government
Legislative History of the World War II Memorial and World War II Commemorative Legislation
Updated April 16, 2002 RL31390
Douglas Reid Weimer, American Law Division
Liberia: 1989-1997 Civil War, Post-War Developments, and U.S. Relations
Updated December 31, 2003 RL30933
Nicolas Cook, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Livestock: A Ban on Ownership and Control by Packers
Updated January 2, 2003 RL31553
Jerry Heykoop, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Lobbying Congress: An Overview of Legal Provisions and Congressional Ethics Rules
October 24, 2007 RL31126
Jack Maskell, American Law Division
Local Telephone Competition: A Brief Overview
Updated May 27, 2003 RL31938
Angele A. Gilroy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Long-Range Bombers: Background and Issues for Congress
Updated August 19, 2003 RL31544
Pierre Bernasconi and Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Long-Term Care for the Elderly: The Experience of Four Nations
Updated April 27, 2000 RL30549
Mayra M. De La Garza and Carol O’Shaughnessy, Domestic Social Policy Division
Long-Term Care: Nursing and Paraprofessional Workforce Issues
Updated December 18, 2002 RL31090
Julie Stone and Rachel W. Kelly, Domestic Social Policy Division
Long-Term Economic Growth and Budget Projections
March 1, 2006 RL31140
Brian W. Cashell, Government and Finance Division
Low Carbon Fuel Standard: State and Federal Legislation and Regulations
December 23, 2008 R40078
Brent D. Yacobucci, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP): Program and Funding
October 21, 2008 RL31865
Libby Perl, Domestic Social Policy Division
Macedonia: Country Background and Recent Conflict
Updated March 28, 2002 RL30900
Julie Kim, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Major Decisions in the House and Senate on Social Security: 1935-2006
Updated March 26, 2001 RL30920
Sidor, Gary, Domestic Social Policy Division
Major Leadership Election Contests in the House of Representatives, 94th-111th Congresses
December 31, 2008 RL30607
Mildred Amer, Specialist on the Congress
Major Leadership Election Contests in the Senate, 94th-111th Congresses
December 19, 2008 RL30704
Mildred Amer, Government and Finance Division
Major Provisions of S. 1 as Passed by the Senate, and H.R. 1, as Passed by the House
Updated July 23, 2003 RL31901
Jennifer Boulanger and Sibyl Tilson, Domestic Social Policy Division
Major Speeches and Debates of Senator Joe McCarthy, Delivered in the United States Senate, 1950-1951
1v. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1953
McCarthy, Joseph
Major Tax Issues in the 106th Congress: A Retrospective Summary
Updated February 13, 2001 RL30851
David L. Brumbaugh, Government and Finance Division
Major Tax Issues in the 111th Congress
December 4, 2008 R40004
Jane G. Gravelle, Senior Specialist in Economic Policy
Management of u.s. Fisheries for Highly Migratory Species
Updated April 21, 2000 RL30535
Eugene H. Buck, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Managing International Financial Crises: Alternatives to “Bailouts,” Hardships and Contagion
February 3, 2003 RL31451
Martin A. Weiss and Arlene Wilson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Marijuana for Medical Purposes: The Supreme Court’s Decision in United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers’ Cooperative and Related Legal Issues
June 14, 2005 RL31100
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Maritime and Port Security: A Comparison of Major Provisions of S. 1214 and H.R. 3983
Updated November 12, 2002 RL31424
John F. Frittelli, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Marriage Penalty Legislation: A Comparison of Alternative Proposals
Updated June 8, 2001 RL30963
Jane G. Gravelle and Steven Maguire, Government and Finance Division
Marshall Islands and Micronesia: Amendments to the Compact of Free Association with the United States
May 3, 2004 RL31737
Thomas Lum, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
McDade-Murtha Amendment: Legislation in the 107th Congress Concerning Ethical Standards for Justice Department Litigators
Updated December 18, 2001 RL31221
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Measures of Consumer Confidence: Are They Useful
Updated June 2, 2003 RL31942
Brian W. Cashell, Government and Finance Division
Medicaid and SCHIP Provisions in H.R. 5291 and S. 3165 (the 2000 Medicare Refinement Bills)
Updated October 13, 2000 RL30703
Jean Hearne, Elicia Herz, and Evelyne Baumrucker, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicaid and the State Fiscal Crisis of 2000-2003
December 2, 2005 RL31773
Christine Scott, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicaid Upper Payment Limits and Intergovernmental Transfers: Current Issues and Recent Regulatory and Legislative Action
January 21, 2005 RL31021
Elicia J. Herz, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicaid, SCHIP, and Other Health Provisions in H.R. 4954: The Medicare Modernization and Prescriptions Drug Act of 2002, and S. 3018: The Beneficiary Access to Care and Medicare Equity Act of 2002
Updated October 9, 2002 RL31602
Jean Hearne, Elicia Herz, Evelyne Baumrucker, and Christine Devere, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicaid, Schip, and Other Health Provisions in h.r. 5661: Medicare, Medicaid, and Schip Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000
Updated January 4, 2001 RL30718
Jean Hearne, Elicia Herz, and Evelyne Baumrucker, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicaid: Eligibility for the Aged and Disabled
Updated July 5, 2002 RL31413
Julie Lynn Stone, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medical Malpractice Insurance: An Economic Introduction and Review of Historical Experience
Updated May 3, 2007 RL31886
Baird Webel, Government and Finance Division
Medical Malpractice Liability Reform: Legal Issues and Fifty-State Survey of Caps on Punitive Damages and Noneconomic Damages
January 18, 2006 RL31692
Henry Cohen, American Law Division
Medical Research Funding: Summary of a CRS Seminar on Challenges and Opportunities of Proposed Large Increases for the National Institutes of Health
Updated March 15, 2000 RL30483
John K. Iglehart, Contractor; and Pamela W. Smith, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare Payment Policies
November 4, 2008 RL30526
Paulette C. Morgan, Coordinator, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare Provisions in the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 (BIPA, P.L. 106-554)
Updated May 24, 2001 RL30707
Hinda Ripps Chaikind, Sibyl Tilson, Jennifer O’Sullivan, Carolyn Merck, and Madeleine Smith, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare Provisions of the Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-113)
Updated February 22, 2001 RL30860
Carolyn L. Merck, Jennifer O’Sullivan, Madeline Smith, and Sibyl Tilson, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare: Part B Premiums
December 29, 2008 R40082
Jim Hahn, Analyst in Health Care Financing
Medicare: Payments for Covered Part B Prescription Drugs
June 30, 2005 RL31419
Jennifer O’Sullivan, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare: Payments to Physicians
July 25, 2008 RL31199
Jennifer O’Sullivan, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare: Supplementary Medigap Coverage
October 2, 2007 RL31223
Jennifer O’Sullivan, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare+Choice
Updated June 6, 2003 RL30702
Hinda Ripps Chaikind and Madeleine Smith, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare’s Home Health Benefit: Cost Sharing Issues and Options
Updated October 30, 2002 RL31628
Carolyn L. Merck, Domestic Social Policy Division
Medicare’s Home Health Benefit: The Fifteen Percent Payment Cut
Updated October 17, 2002 RL31420
Carolyn L. Merck, Domestic Social Policy Division
Membership of the 111th Congress: A Profile
December 31, 2008 R40086
Mildred Amer, Specialist on the Congress; Jennifer E. Manning, Information Research Specialist
Mental Health Parity: Federal and State Action and Economic Impact
June 19, 2008 RL31657
Ramya Sundararaman and C. Stephen Redhead, Domestic Social Policy Division
Mercury in Products and Waste: Legislative and Regulatory Activities to Control Mercury
Updated May 12, 2003 RL31908
Linda G. Luther, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Mergers and Consolidation Between Banking and Financial Services Firms: Trends and Prospects
August 29, 2006 RL30516
Walter W. Eubanks, Government and Finance Division
Mexico’s Counter-Narcotics Efforts under Zedillo and Fox, December 1994 – March 2001
Updated March 30, 2001 RL30886
K. Larry Storrs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Mexico’s Counter-Narcotics Efforts Under Zedillo, December 1994 to March 2000
Updated March 16, 2000 RL30475
K. Larry Storrs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Mexico-U.S. Relations: Issues for the 108th Congress
December 22, 2004 RL31876
K. Larry Storrs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Microenterprise and U.S. Foreign Assistance
Updated April 12, 2001 RL30932
Curt Tarnoff, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Middle East Oil Disruption: Potential Severity and Policy Options
Updated April 29, 2003 RL31676
Lawrence Kumins and Robert Bamberger, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Military Aviation Safety
Updated November 25, 2003 RL31571
Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Military Benefits for Former Spouses: Legislation and Policy Issues
January 23, 2007 RL31663
David Burrelli, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Military Draft and a Possible War with Iraq
Updated December 31, 2002 RL31682
Robert L. Goldich, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Military Housing Privatization Initiative: Background and Issues
Updated July 2, 2001 RL31039
Daniel H. Else, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Military Personnel and Food Stamps
Updated April 12, 2000 RL30529
David Burrelli and Andrej Divis, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Military Spending by Foreign Nations: Data from Selected Public Sources
Updated April 6, 2001 RL30931
Mary T. Tyszkiewi, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Military Survivor Benefit Plan: A Description of Its Provisions
January 17, 2007 RL31664
David F. Burrelli, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Military Technicians: Proposals to Improve Their Retirement Options
Updated March 19, 2001 RL30903
Lawrence Kapp, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Military Technicians: The Issue of Mandatory Retirement for Non-Dual-Status Technicians
Updated March 28, 2000 RL30487
Lawrence Kapp, Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division
Military Transformation: Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
Updated January 17, 2003 RL31425
Judy G. Chizek, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Millennium Challenge Account: Congressional Consideration of a New Foreign Aid Initiative
Updated March 19, 2004 RL31687
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Minority Rights and Senate Procedures
August 22, 2005 RL30850
Judy Schneider, Government and Finance Division
Missile Defense: The Current Debate
December 21, 2005 RL31111
Steven A. Hildreth, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and International Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (ICOC): Background and Issues for Congress
Updated April 8, 2003 RL31848
Andrew Feickert, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Missiles for Standoff Attack: Air-Launched Air-To-Surface Munitions Programs
Updated October 17, 2000 RL30552
Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Mobile Telephones and Motor Vehicle Operation
September 30, 2004 RL31588
Douglas Reid Weimer, American Law Division
Monetary Aggregates: Their Use in the Conduct of Monetary Policy
Updated May 15, 2002 RL31416
Marc Labonte and Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Multinational Patent Acquisition and Enforcement: Public Policy Challenges and Opportunities for Innovative Firms
Updated August 31, 2001 RL31132
John R. Thomas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
NAFTA: Economic Effects on the United States After Eight Years
Updated August 20, 2002 RL31537
Arlene Wilson, Consultant, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
National Debt: Who Bears Its Burden?
February 28, 2008 RL30520
Marc Labonte and Gail E. Makinen, Government and Finance Division
National Energy Policy Report: Environmental Permitting and Regulatory Issues
Updated June 11, 2001 RL31020
Claudia Copeland, M. Lynne Corn, James E. McCarthy, and Larry Parker, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
National Forest System Roadless Area Initiatives
October 24, 2008 RL30647
Kristina Alexander, American Law Division; Ross Gorte, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
National Missile Defense and Early Warning Radars: Background and Issues
Updated August 25, 2000 RL30654
Larry Chasteen, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
National Missile Defense: Russia’s Reaction
Updated June 14, 2002 RL30967
Amy Woolf, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
National Monuments and the Antiquities Act: President Clinton’s Designations and Related Issues
Updated June 28, 2001 RL30528
Carol Hardy Vincent, Resources, Science, and Industry Division; and Pamela Baldwin, American Law Division
National Ocean Policy Study: A Model for the Future
Updated January 22, 2003 RL31705
John R. Justus, Jeffrey A. Zinn, and Eugene H. Buck, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): FY2002 Budget Request and Appropriations
Updated January 4, 2002 RL31117
Wayne A. Morrissey, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): The President’s Budget Request and Congressional Appropriations for FY2003
December 6, 2002 RL31567
Wayne A. Morrissey, Resources, Science and Industry Division
National Performance Review and Other Government Reform Initiatives: An Overview, 1993-2001
Updated June 4, 2001 RL30596
Harold C. Relyea, Maricele J. Cornejo Riemann and Henry B. Hogue, Government and Finance Division
National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA)
Updated September 17, 2002 RL31573
Robert L. Bamberger, Resources, Science and Industry Division
National Security Agency: Issues for Congress
Updated January 16, 2001 RL30740
Richard A. Best, Jr., Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
National Security Council: An Organizational Assessment
December 5, 2008 RL30840
Richard A. Best, Jr., Specialist in National Defense
National Security Education Program Background and Issues
January 21, 2005 RL31643
Wayne C. Riddle, Domestic Social Policy Division
NATO Enlargement: Senate Advice and Consent
February 5, 2008 RL31915
Michael John Garcia, American Law Division
Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress
October 2, 2008 RL30624
Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Navy Shipbuilding: Recent Shipyard Mergers – Background and Issues for Congress
Updated May 3, 2002 RL31400
Ronald O’Rourke, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Nepal: Background and U.S. Relations
July 30, 2007 RL31599
Bruce Vaughn, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
New Farm Bill: Comparing the 2002 Law with Previous Law and House and Senate Bills
Updated January 21, 2003 RL31704
Jean Yavis Jones, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Noncitizen Eligibility for Major Federal Public Assistance Programs: Policies and Legislation
Updated March 17, 2004 RL31114
Ruth Ellen Wasem, Domestic Social Policy Division
Nonforeign Cost-of-Living Allowances and Possible Transition to Locality Pay
December 1, 2008 R40079
Wendy R. Ginsberg, Analyst in Government Organization and Management
Normal-Trade-Relations (Most-Favored-Nation) Policy of the United States
December 15, 2005 RL31558
Vladimir N. Pregelj, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Implementation: The Future of Commercial Trucking Across the Mexican Border
September 22, 2004 RL31738
Robert S. Kirk, and Frittelli, John F., Resources, Science, and Industry Division
North Atlantic Right Whale: Federal Management Issues
Updated March 29, 2001 RL30907
Eugene H. Buck, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
North Korea: Economic Sanctions
January 12, 2007 RL31696
Dianne E. Rennack, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
North Korea: Terrorism List Removal
November 6, 2008 RL30613
Larry A. Niksch, Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division
North-South Korean Relations: A Chronology of Events in 2000 and 2001
Updated January 9, 2002 RL30811
Mark E. Manyin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
December 30, 2008 RL31448
Amy F. Woolf, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Nuclear Smuggling and International Terrorism: Issues and Options for U.S. Policy
Updated October 22, 2002 RL31539
Rensselaer Lee, Consultant, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Nuclear Threat Reduction Measures for India and Pakistan
Updated February 17, 2005 RL31589
Sharon A. Squassoni, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Nuclear Waste Repository Siting: Expedited Procedures for Congressional Approval
Updated July 5, 2002 RL31135
Richard S. Beth, Government and Finance Division
Nuclear Weapons and Ballistic Missile Proliferation in India and Pakistan: Issues for Congress
Updated July 31, 2000 RL30623
K. Alan Kronstadt, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons and Missiles: Status and Trends
February 20, 2008 RL30699
Paul K. Kerr, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, and Missile Proliferation Sanctions: Selected Current Law
January 8, 2007 RL31502
Dianne E. Rennack, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Ocean Piracy and Its Impact on Insurance
December 3, 2008 R40081
Rawle O. King, Analyst in Financial Economics and Risk Assessment
OECD Initiative on Tax Havens
December 2, 2008 R40114
James K. Jackson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance
Older Americans Act: Programs, Funding, and 2006 Reauthorization (P.L. 109-365)
December 11, 2006 RL31336
Carol O’Shaughnessy, Domestic Social Policy Division; and Angela Napili, Knowledge Services Group
Older Workers: Employment and Retirement Trends
September 15, 2008 RL30629
Patrick Purcell, Domestic Social Policy Division
Olmstead v. L.C.: Judicial Developments
December 3, 2008 R40106
Carol J. Toland, Legislative Attorney
Omnibus Energy Legislation in the 107th Congress: Side-by-Side Comparison
Updated June 7, 2002 RL31427
Mark Holt and Carol Glover, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Open Skies Treaty: Observation Overflights of Military Activities
Updated September 11, 2000 RL30676
Amy Woolf, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Operations Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom: Questions and Answers About U.S. Military Personnel, Compensation, and Force Structure
January 27, 2006 RL31334
Lawrence Kapp and Charles A. Henning, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Organic Agriculture in the United States: Program and Policy Issues
November 25, 2008 RL31595
Renee Johnson, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution: Interpretation and Enforcement
Updated May 10, 2002 RL31399
James V. Saturno, Government and Finance Division
Overview of Management and Restoration Activities in the Salton Sea
May 26, 2004 RL31820
Pervaze A. Sheikh, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Overview of Supreme Court Search and Seizure Decisions from the October 1999 Term
Updated September 15, 2000 RL30680
Elizabeth B. Bazan, American Law Division
Overview of the HOME Investment Partnership Program
December 16, 2008 R40118
Katie Jones, Analyst in Housing
Overview of the U.S. Public Health System in the Context of Emergency Preparedness
March 17, 2005 RL31719
Sarah A. Lister, Domestic Social Policy Division
Overview of USDA Rural Development Programs
September 19, 2008 RL31837
Tadlock Cowan, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Pakistan-U.S. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation
Updated March 28, 2003 RL31624
K. Alan Kronstadt, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
October 14, 2008 RL30981
Mark P. Sullivan, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Paperwork Reduction Act Reauthorization and Government Information Management Issues
January 4, 2007 RL30590
Harold C. Relyea, Government and Finance Division
Parliamentary Reference Sources: House of Representatives
April 4, 2008 RL30787
Richard S. Beth and Megan Suzanne Lynch, Government and Finance Division
Parliamentary Reference Sources: Senate
April 21, 2008 RL30788
Megan Suzanne Lynch and Richard S. Beth, Government and Finance Division
Particulate Matter Air Quality Standards: Background
January 10, 2005 RL31531
Robert Esworthy, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2009
November 25, 2008 RL30567
Valerie Heitshusen, Government and Finance Division
Pass Rates as an Accountability Measure for Teacher Education Programs
September 22, 2004 RL31254
James B. Stedman and Bonnie F. Mangan, Domestic Social Policy Division
Patent Administration: Current Issues and Possibilities for Reform
Updated June 6, 2002 RL31438
John R. Thomas, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Patent Law and Innovation: The Creation, Operation and a Twenty-Year Assessment of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
Updated January 21, 2003 RL31703
John R. Thomas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Patent Law and Its Application to the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Examination of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (The Hatch-Waxman Act)
January 10, 2005 RL30756
Wendy H. Schacht and John R. Thomas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Patent Law: The Festo Case and the Doctrine of Equivalents
Updated July 25, 2002 RL31156
Margaret Mikyung Lee, American Law Division
Patent Quality and Public Policy: Issues for Innovate Firms in Domestic Markets
Updated January 28, 2002 RL31281
John R. Thomas, Visiting Scholar, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Patents on Methods of Doing Business
Updated June 1, 2000 RL30572
John R. Thomas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Paternity Establishment: Child Support and Beyond
Updated June 24, 2002 RL31467
Carmen Solomon-Fears, Domestic Social Policy Division
Pay Equity Legislation
January 13, 2009 RL31867
Jody Feder, Legislative Attorney; Linda Levine, Specialist in Labor Economics
Pay-As-You-Go Requirement for FY2001: A Procedural Assessment
Updated August 31, 2001 RL30706
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Pay-As-You-Go Requirement for FY2002: A Procedural Assessment
Updated May 23, 2002 RL31194
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Peacekeeping: Military Command and Control Issues
Updated November 1, 2001 RL31120
Edward F. Bruner and Nina M. Serafino, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Peanut Program: Evolution from Supply Management to Market Orientation
Updated August 8, 2002 RL30924
Remy Jurenas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Pension Issues: Lump-Sum Distributions and Retirement Income Security
August 3, 2005 RL30496
Patrick Purcell, Domestic Social Policy Division
Persian Gulf: Issues for U.S. Policy, 2006
August 21, 2006 RL31533
Kenneth Katzman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Background and Issues in the 107th Congress
November 27, 2002 RL31652
Linda-Jo Schierow
Personal Reemployment Accounts: Results from Bonus Experiments
January 17, 2006 RL31825
Linda Levine and Ann Lordeman, Domestic Social Policy Division
Peru: Recovery from Crisis
Updated April 25, 2002 RL30918
Maureen Taft-Morales, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Pesticide Law: A Summary of the Statutes
November 17, 2008 RL31921
Linda-Jo Schierow, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Description and Analysis of the Process
Updated April 2, 2001 RL30913
Richard Rowberg, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
PILT (Payments in Lieu of Taxes): Somewhat Simplified
December 19, 2008 RL31392
M. Lynne Corn, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
Plants, Patents, and Seed Innovation in the Agricultural Industry
Updated September 13, 2002 RL31568
John R. Thomas, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Political Succession and Leadership Issues in China: Implications for U.S. Policy
Updated September 30, 2002 RL30990
Kerry Dumbaugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Port and Maritime Security: Background and Issues for Congress
May 27, 2005 RL31733
John F. Frittelli, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Possible Impacts of Major Counter Terrorism Security Actions on Research, Development, and Higher Education
Updated April 8, 2002 RL31354
Genevieve J. Knezo, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Postal Service Financial Problems and Stakeholder Proposals
Updated September 11, 2002 RL31069
Nye Stevens, Government and Finance Division
Postsecondary Education Student Population
February 9, 2005 RL31441
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi and James B. Stedman, Domestic Social Policy Division
Post-War Iraq: Potential Issues Raised by Previous Occupation and Peacekeeping Experiences
Updated April 24, 2003 RL31871
Nina M. Serafino, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Potential Humanitarian Issues in Post-War Iraq: An Overview for Congress
Updated March 18, 2003 RL31814
Rhoda Margesson and Johanna Bockman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Prayer and Religion in the Public Schools: What Is, and Is Not, Permitted
Updated August 18, 2000 RL30649
David M. Ackerman, American Law Division
Precision Agriculture and Site-Specific Management: Current Status and Emerging Policy Issues
Updated August 7, 2000 RL30630
Tadlock Cowan, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Predatory Lending: Background on the Issue and Overview of Legislation in the 106th Congress
Updated March 7, 2001 RL30885
Bruce E. Foote, Domestic Social Policy Division
Prescription Drug Coverage under Medicaid
February 6, 2008 RL30726
Jean Hearne, Domestic Social Policy Division
Prescription Drug User Fee Act: Structure and Reauthorization Issues
Updated October 7, 2002 RL31453
Donna U. Vogt and Blanchard Randall, IV, Domestic Social Policy Division
President Bush’s Proposed Medicare-Endorsed Drug Discount Card Initiative: Status and Issues
Updated February 7, 2003 RL31316
M. Angeles Villarreal, Resources, Science and Industry Division
President Pro Tempore of the Senate: History and Authority of the Office
Updated April 2, 2008 RL30960
Christopher M. Davis, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Advisers’ Testimony Before Congressional Committees: An Overview
July 16, 2008 RL31351
Harold C. Relyea, Government and Finance Division; Todd B. Tatelman, American Law Division
Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmations and Committees Handling Nominations
March 18, 2008 RL30959
Henry B. Hogue, Government and Finance Division; Maureen Bearden and Terrence L. Lisbeth, Knowledge Services Group
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments during the 106th Congress, 1999-2000
Updated March 26, 2001 RL30524
Rogelio Garcia, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 107th Congress, 2001-2002
February 10, 2003 RL31346
Henry B. Hogue, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Independent and Other Agencies During the 106th Congress, 1999-2000
Updated June 4, 2001 RL30564
Rogelio Garcia and Henry B. Hogue, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Independent and Other Agencies During the 107th Congress
Updated July 11, 2003 RL31435
Henry B. Hogue, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 106th Congress
March 21, 2001 RL30476
Rogelio Garcia, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 107th Congress
Updated April 16, 2003 RL30910
Henry Hogue, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer
Updated April 17, 2000 RL30527
Kevin J. Coleman, Joseph E. Cantor, and Thomas H. Neale, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Succession: An Overview with Analysis of Legislation Proposed in the 108th Congress
June 29, 2005 RL31761
Thomas H. Neale, Government and Finance Division
Presidential Transitions
April 3, 2008 RL30736
Stephanie Smith, Government and Finance Division
President’s Cabinet: Evolution, Alternatives, and Proposals for Change
Updated September 12, 2000 RL30673
Ronald C. Moe, Government and Finance Division
President’s Reorganization Authority: Review and Analysis
Updated March 8, 2001 RL30876
Ronald C. Moe, Government and Finance Division
Preventing Proliferation of Biological Weapons: U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet States
Updated April 10, 2002 RL31368
Michelle Stem Cook and Amy F. Woolf, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Price Stability (Inflation Targeting) as the Sole Goal of Monetary Policy: The International Experience
July 27, 2007 RL31702
Marc Labonte and Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Primer on E-Government: Sectors, Stages, Opportunities, and Challenges of Online Governance
January 28, 2003 RL31057
Jeffrey W. Seifert, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Privacy: Total Information Awareness Programs and Related Information Access, Collection, and Protection Laws
Updated March 21, 2003 RL31730
Gina Marie Stevens, American Law Division
Private Actions to Sue for Civil Rights Violations in Federally Assisted Programs After Alexander v. Sandoval
Updated August 9, 2001 RL31077
Charles V. Dale, American Law Division
Private Activity Bonds: An Introduction
March 27, 2008 RL31457
Steven Maguire, Government and Finance Division
Productivity Growth: Recent Trends and Future Prospects
Updated July 9, 2003 RL31428
Brian W. Cashell, Government and Finance Division
Prohibiting Television Advertising of Alcoholic Beverages: A Constitutional Analysis
Updated March 21, 2002 RL31239
Henry Cohen, American Law Division
Proliferation Control Regimes: Background and Status
January 31, 2008 RL31559
Mary Beth Nikitin, Paul Kerr, Steven R. Bowman, and Steven A. Hildreth, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Proposals to Allow Federal Reserve Banks to Pay Interest on Reserve Balances: The Issues Behind the Legislation
Updated March 5, 2002 RL30874
Walter W. Eubanks, Government and Finance Division
Proposals to Reform Holds in the Senate
December 20, 2007 RL31685
Walter J. Oleszek, Government and Finance Division
PROTECT (Amber Alert) Act and the Sentencing Guidelines
March 15, 2005 RL31917
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Protecting Critical Infrastructure from Terrorist Attack: A Catalog of Selected Federal Assistance Programs
June 25, 2002 31465
John Moteff
Protecting the U.S. Perimeter: “Border Searches” under the Fourth Amendment
June 27, 2008 RL31826
Yule Kim, American Law Division
Protection of National Security Information: The Classified Information Protection Act of 2001
Updated January 16, 2002 RL31245
Jennifer Elsea, American Law Division
Provisions of p.l. 106-113, and House and Senate Versions of h.r. 4942
Updated October 3, 2000 RL30709
Eugene Boyd, Government and Finance Division
Public Aid to Faith-Based Organizations (Charitable Choice) in the 107th Congress: Background and Selected Legal Issues
Updated August 19, 2003 RL31043
David M. Ackerman, American Law Division
Public Charter School Accountability
January 24, 2007 RL31184
David P. Smole, Domestic Social Policy Division
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act (P.L. 107-188): Provisions and Changes to Preexisting Law
Updated August 21, 2002 RL31263
C. Stephen Redhead and Donna U. Vogt, Domestic Social Policy Division; and Mary Tiemann, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Public Health Service Operating Agencies
May 24, 2006 RL31940
Janet Kinzer, Domestic Social Policy Division
Punitive Damages in Medical Malpractice Actions: Burden of Proof and Standards for Awards in the Fifty States
January 18, 2006 RL31721
Henry Cohen, American Law Division; and Tara Alexandria Rainson, Knowledge Services Group
Putin’s Economic Strategy and U.S. Interests
Updated June 19, 2001 RL31023
John P. Hardt, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations
January 24, 2008 RL31718
Christopher M. Blanchard, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Quasi-Government: Hybrid Organizations with Both Government and Private Sector Legal Characteristics
January 31, 2008 RL30533
Kevin R. Kosar, Government and Finance Division
Racial Profiling: Legal and Constitutional Issues
November 21, 2004 RL31130
Charles V. Dale, American Law Division
Railroad Reorganization Under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code: Implications of a Filing by Amtrak
January 4, 2005 RL31550
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division
Reading First and Early Reading First: Background and Funding
February 6, 2008 RL31241
Gail McCallion, Domestic Social Policy Division
Reconstruction Assistance in Afghanistan: Goals, Priorities, and Issues for Congress
Updated February 26, 2003 RL31759
Rhoda Margesson and Johanna Bockman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Recruiting and Retention in the Active Component Military: Are There Problems
Updated February 25, 2002 RL31297
Lawrence Kapp, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Recycling Computers and Electronic Equipment: Legislative and Regulatory Approaches for “E-Waste”
July 18, 2005 RL31505
James E. McCarthy, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policy
January 24, 2008 RL31269
Andorra Bruno, Domestic Social Policy Division
Refugee and Asylum-Seeker Inflows in the United States and Other OECD Member States
January 6, 2009 R40117
Chad C. Haddal, Analyst in Immigration Policy
Regional Trade Agreements: An Analysis of Trade-Related Impacts
Updated August 3, 2001 RL31072
Gary J. Wells, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Regulation of the Telemarketing Industry: State and National Do Not Call Registries
Updated February 24, 2004 RL31642
Angie A. Welborn, American Law Division
Regulation of Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail
July 2, 2004 RL31488
Angie A. Welborn, American Law Division
Rehabilitation Act: Summary of 1998 Reauthorization Legislation
Updated January 14, 2002 RL31298
Carol O’Shaughnessy, Domestic Social Policy Division
Relicensing of Nonfederal Hydroelectric Projects: Background and Procedural Reform Issues
April 25, 2007 RL31903
Nic Lane, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Renewable Energy Legislation in the 107th Congress
Updated December 17, 2001 RL31044
Fred Sissine, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Reorganization of the House of Representatives: Recent Reform Efforts
Updated October 20, 2003 RL31835
Judy Schneider, Christopher M. Davis, and Betsy Palmer, Government and Finance Division
Reorganizing the Executive Branch in the 20th Century: Landmark Commissions
Updated June 10, 2002 RL31446
Ronald C. Moe, Government and Finance Division
Research and Experimentation Tax Credit: Current Law and Selected Policy Issues for the 106th Congress
Updated January 22, 2001 RL30479
Gary Guenther, Government and Finance Division
Research and Experimentation Tax Credit: Current Status and Selected Issues for Congress
October 6, 2008 RL31181
Gary Guenther, Government and Finance Division
Reserve Component Personnel Issues: Questions and Answers
March 14, 2008 RL30802
Lawrence Kapp, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico
March 11, 2008 RL31856
R. Eric Petersen, Government and Finance Division
Resource Conservation Title of the 2002 Farm Bill: A Comparison of New Law with Bills Passed by the House and Senate, and Prior Law
Updated June 25, 2002 RL31486
Jeffrey A. Zinn, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress
October 28, 2008 RL30631
Patrick Purcell, Domestic Social Policy Division
Retirement Savings and Household Wealth: Trends from 2001 to 2004
May 22, 2006 RL30922
Patrick J. Purcell, Domestic Social Policy Division
Revenue Measures in Congress: Procedural Considerations
Updated November 26, 2001 RL31197
James V. Saturno, Government and Finance Division
Revenue Reconciliation Directives in the FY2004 Budget Resolution
Updated May 7, 2003 RL31902
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Risk Assessment and Regulation in the Federal Government: A Brief Overview
Updated March 13, 2003 RL31781
Rob Buschmann, Government and Finance Division
Role of Information in Lending: The Cost of Privacy Restrictions
January 29, 2004 RL31847
Loretta Nott, Government and Finance Division
Role of Public Works Infrastructure in Economic Stimulus
January 6, 2009 R40107
Claudia Copeland, Coordinator, Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy
Role of the House Majority Leader: An Overview
April 4, 2006 RL30665
Walter J. Oleszek, Government and Finance Division
Role of the House Minority Leader: An Overview
December 12, 2006 RL30666
Walter J. Oleszek, Government and Finance Division
Russian Fighter Aircraft Industrial Base: Parallels with the United States
Updated April 9, 2002 RL30730
Christopher Bolkcom and Ellen Schwarzler, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Russian National Security Policy After September 11
Updated August 30, 2002 RL31543
Stuart D. Goldman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Russia’s Chechnya Conflict: An Update
Updated April 16, 2003 RL31620
Jim Nichol, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Russia’s Paris Club Debt and U.S. Interests
Updated June 6, 2001 RL30617
John P. Hardt, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Rwanda: Background and Current Developments
December 4, 2008 R40115
Ted Dagne, Specialist in African Affairs
Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Program: Background and Context
January 22, 2007 RL30482
Edith Fairman Cooper, Domestic Social Policy Division
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA): A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements
November 20, 2008 RL31243
Mary Tiemann, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Safeguarding the Nation’s Drinking Water: EPA and Congressional Actions
November 26, 2008 RL31294
Mary Tiemann, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: A Side-by-Side Comparison of House, Senate, and Conference Versions
Updated July 26, 2002 RL31483
Mark Jickling, Government and Finance Division
Saving for College Through Qualified Tuition (Section 529) Programs
March 26, 2008 RL31214
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Saving in the United States: How Has it Changes and Why Is it Important
January 17, 2003 RL30873
Brian W. Cashell and Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Second Chance Homes: Federal Funding, Programs, and Services
December 27, 2006 RL31540
Edith Fairman Cooper, Domestic Social Policy Division
Section 1983 and the Spending Power: Enforcement of Federal “Laws”
Updated September 12, 2002 RL31569
George Costello, American Law Division
Securities Law: Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Selected 108th Congress Bills Concerning Corporate Accountability
Updated April 23, 2003 RL31879
Michael V. Seitzinger and Elizabeth Bazan, American Law Division
Selected Aviation Security Legislation in the Aftermath of the September 11 Attack
Updated December 14, 2001 RL31150
Robert S. Kirk, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Selected Conservation Proposals for the Next Farm Bill
Updated September 10, 2001 RL31131
Jeffrey A. Zinn, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Selected Procedural Safeguards in Federal, Military, and International Courts
September 18, 2006 RL31262
Jennifer K. Elsea, American Law Division
Senate Committee Activity: Action on Measures Referred, 1973-2000
Updated August 9, 2001 RL31075
R. Eric Petersen and Richard S. Beth, Government and Finance Division
Senate Organization in the 107th Congress: Agreements Reached in a Closely Divided Senate
December 20, 2006 RL30881
Elizabeth Rybicki, Government and Finance Division
Senate Select Committee on Ethics: A Brief History of Its Evolution and Jurisdiction
March 26, 2008 RL30650
Mildred Amer, Government and Finance Division
Sensitive But Unclassified and Other Federal Security Controls on Scientific and Technical Information: History and Current Controversy
Updated February 20, 2004 RL31845
Genevieve J. Knezo, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
September 11 Victim Compensation Fund of 2001
Updated December 3, 2002 RL31179
Henry Cohen, American Law Division
Sequestration Procedures Under the 1085 Balanced Budget Act
Updated September 27, 2001 RL31137
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Public Health Situation and U.S. Response
Updated May 23, 2003 RL31937
Judith A. Johnson, Domestic Social Policy Division
Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes in the United States
December 2, 2008 R40097
Peter Folger, Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy; Aisha C. Reed, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy
Sexual Discrimination in Employment: Legal Analysis of Title VII of S. 16, the Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 2003
Updated April 15, 2003 RL31863
Charles V. Dale, American Law Division
Shib’a Farms Dispute and its Implications
Updated August 7, 2001 RL31078
Alfred B. Prados, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Shortage of Registered Nurses: Is It On the Horizon or Already Here?
Updated August 19, 2002 RL30974
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Sierra Leone: Transition to Peace
Updated May 15, 2002 RL31062
Nicolas Cook, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Sino-Japanese Relations: Issues for U.S. Policy
December 19, 2008 R40093
Emma Chanlett-Avery, Coordinator, Specialist in Asian Affairs
Small Business Expensing Allowance: Current Status, Legislative Proposals, and Economic Effects
September 8, 2008 RL31852
Gary Guenther, Government and Finance Division
Smallpox Vaccine Stockpile and Vaccination Policy
Updated January 9, 2003 RL31694
Judith A. Johnson, Domestic Social Policy Division
Snowmobiles, Environmental Standards, and Access to National Parks
October 2, 2008 RL31149
James E. McCarthy, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Social Security in the United Kingdom: A Model for Reform
Updated March 27, 2001 RL30911
Geoffrey Kollmann and Dawn Nuschler, Domestic Social Policy Division
Social Security Reform: Economic Issues
January 31, 2007 RL31498
Jane Gravelle and Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
Social Security Reform: The Issue of Individual Versus Collective Investment for Retirement
Updated June 2, 2000 RL30571
David Stuart Koitz, Domestic Social Policy Division
Social Security, Saving, and the Economy
January 8, 2009 RL30708
Brian W. Cashell, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy
Social Security: A Discussion of Some Issues Affecting the Early Retirement Age
Updated May 15, 2000 RL30558
Geoffrey Kollmann, Domestic Social Policy Division
Social Security: What Happens to Future Benefit Levels Under Various Reform Options
Updated August 20, 2001 RL31086
David Koitz, Geoffrey Kollman, and Dawn Nuschler, Domestic Social Policy Division.
Soft Money, Allegations of Political Corruption, and Enron
Updated February 12, 2002 RL31288
Jack Maskell and L. Paige Whitaker, American Law Division
Softwood Lumber Imports from Canada: History and Analysis of the Dispute
Updated February 2, 2001 RL30826
Ross W. Gorte, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
South Africa: Current Issues and U.S. Relations
October 7, 2008 RL31697
Lauren Ploch, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
South Korean Politics and Rising Anti-Americanism: Implications for U.S. Policy Toward North Korea
Updated May 6, 2003 RL31906
Mark E. Manyin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
South Korea-U.S. Economic Relations
February 12, 2007 RL30566
Mark E. Manyin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913-2007
January 29, 2007 RL30857
Richard S. Beth and James V. Saturno, Government and Finance Division
Special Inspector General (SIG) for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)
January 14, 2009 R40099
Vanessa K. Burrows, Legislative Attorney
Spectrum Management: Auctions
November 18, 2008 RL31764
Linda K. Moore, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Speech or Debate Clause Constitutional Immunity: An Overview
Updated February 6, 2001 RL30843
Todd B. Tatelmann, American Law Division
Sports Gambling in School: A Legal Analysis of Proposals to Strengthen Federal Prohibitions
Updated July 31, 2002 RL30954
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Sri Lanka: Background and U.S. Relations
January 22, 2008 RL31707
K. Alan Kronstadt, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
State and Local and Use Taxes and Internet Commerce
January 28, 2005 RL31252
Steven Maguire, Government and Finance Division
State and Regional Export and Foreign Investment Data: A Statistical Overview
Updated March 6, 2002 RL31323
Mary Jane Bolle, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP): A Brief Overview
March 12, 2008 RL30473
Elicia J. Herz, Evelyne P, Baumrucker, and Chris L. Peterson, Domestic Social Policy Division
State Department and Related Agencies FY2001 Appropriations
Updated February 13, 2001 RL30591
Susan B. Epstein, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
State Department and Related Agencies FY2002 Appropriations
Updated February 1, 2002 RL30926
Susan B. Epstein, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
State Department and Related Agencies: FY2006 and FY2007 Appropriations and FY2008 Request
May 15, 2007 RL31370
Susan B. Epstein, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
States and Proposed Economic Recovery Plans
January 16, 2009 R40112
Robert Jay Dilger, Senior Specialist in American National Government
Statutes of Limitation in Federal Criminal Cases: An Overview
April 9, 2007 RL31253
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Stem Cell Research and Patents: An Introduction to the Issues
Updated September 10, 2001 RL31142
Wendy H. Schacht and John R. Thomas, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Step-Up vs. Carryover Basis for Capital Gains: Implications for Estate Tax Repeal
Updated April 20, 2001 RL30875
Nonna A Noto, Government and Finance Division
Stock Options and Overtime Pay Calculation Under the Fair Labor Standards Act
Updated May 30, 2000 RL30542
William G. Whittaker, Domestic Social Policy Division
Stop Loss: Key Questions and Answers
January 8, 2009 R40121
Charles A. Henning, Specialist in Military Manpower Policy
Strategic Arms Control After START: Issues and Options
December 23, 2008 R40084
Amy E. Woolf, Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy
Student Loan Repayment for Federal Employees
April 6, 2007 RL31102
Lorraine H. Tong and Barbara L. Schwemle, Government and Finance Division
Substantive Due Process and a Right to Clone
Updated May 21, 2002 RL31422
Jon O. Shimabukuro, American Law Division
Sudan Peace Process
Updated June 4, 2003 RL31947
Ted Dagne, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Suits Against State Employers Under the Family and Medical Leave Act: Analysis of Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbsw
May 26, 2004 RL31604
JodyFeder, American Law Division
Suits Against Terrorist States by Victims of Terrorism
August 8, 2008 RL31258
Jennifer K. Elsea, American Law Division
Summary of State Breastfeeding Laws and Related Issues
May 19, 2005 RL31633
Douglas Reid Weimer, American Law Division
Summary of the Proposed Rule for the Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information
Updated March 22, 2000 RL30477
Gina Stevens and Melinda DeAtley, American Law Division
Summit of the Americas III, Quebec City, Canada, April 20-22, 2001: Background, Objectives, and Results
Updated May 10, 2001 RL30936
K. Larry Storrs and M. Angeles Villarreal, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Superfund Taxes or General Revenues: Future Funding Issues for the Superfund Program
February 4, 2008 RL31410
James E. McCarthy, Jonathan Lee Ramseur, and Mark Reisch, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Superfund: A Summary of the Law
February 24, 2003 RL31154
Mark Reisch, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Supervised Release: A Brief Sketch of Federal Law
May 9, 2006 RL31653
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan Colombia, Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other Initiatives
Updated July 5, 2000 RL30457
Nowels, Larry, Stephen Daggett, Curt Tarnoff, and Nina Serafino, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; Melinda Gish, Domestic Social Policy Division
Supplemental Appropriations for FY2002: Combating Terrorism and Other Issues
Updated August 30, 2002 RL31406
Amy Belasco and Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Supplemental Appropriations FY2003: Iraq Conflict, Afghanistan, Global War on Terrorism, and Homeland Security
Updated May 5, 2003 RL31829
Amy Belasco and Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Supplemental Educational Services for Children from Low-Income Families Under ESEA Title I-A
January 25, 2008 RL31329
David P. Smole, Domestic Social Policy Division
Supreme Court Addresses Corps of Engineers Jurisdiction Over “Isolated Waters”: The Swancc Decision
Updated February 16, 2001 RL30849
Robert Meltz, American Law Division; and Claudia Copeland, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Supreme Court Nominations Not Confirmed, 1789-2007
Updated January 9, 2008 RL31171
Henry B. Hogue, Government and Finance Division
Supreme Court Opinions: October 1999 Term
Updated July 20, 2000 RL30616
George Costello, American Law Division
Supreme Court Opinions: October 2000 Term
Updated July 17, 2001 RL31060
George Costello, American Law Division
Supreme Court Opinions: October 2001 Term
Updated July 15, 2002 RL31523
George Costello, American Law Division
Surface Transportation Program Reauthorization Issues for the 111th Congress
December 4, 2008 R40053
John W. Fischer, Coordinator, Specialist in Transportation Policy
Survey of Recent State Policies to Manage Growth and Protect Open Space
Updated September 23, 2002 RL31656
Jeffrey A. Zinn, Contract/Project Officer, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs
Survey of State Homestead Exemptions
March 2, 2005 RL31079
Robin Jeweler, American Law Division; and Tara Alexandra Rainson, Knowledge Services Group
Suspending the Gas Tax: Analysis of S. 2285
Updated April 7, 2000 RL30497
Salvatore Lazzari, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Suspension of Budget Enforcement Procedures During Low Economic Growth
May 7, 2008 RL31068
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990
October 8, 2008 RL30957
Shirley A. Kan, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Tax Activity in the 106th Congress
February 27, 2001 RL30801
Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
Tax Cuts, the Business Cycle, and Economic Growth: A Macroeconomic Analysis
Updated January 16, 2003 RL30839
Mark Labonte and Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Tax Rules and Rulings Specifically Applicable to Members of Congress
Updated October 1, 2003 RL30868
Robert B. Burdette, American Law Division
Tax Subsidies for Expanding Health Insurance Coverage: Selected Policy Issues for the 108th Congress
Updated August 5, 2003 RL30762
Gary Guenther, Government and Finance Division
Taxation of Dividend Income: An Overview and Economic Analysis of the Issues
Updated April 1, 2008 RL31597
Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
Tax-Exempt Bonds: A Description of State and Local Government Debt
March 26, 2008 RL30638
Steven Maguire, Government and Finance Division
Teacher Quality Enhancement Grants (Title II, Part A of the Higher Education Act): Overview and Reauthorization Issues
March 21, 2008 RL31882
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Domestic Social Policy Division
Techniques for Preventing a Budget Sequester
Updated March 8, 2002 RL31155
Robert Keith, Government and Finance Division
Telemarketing: Dealing with Unwanted Telemarketing Calls
October 5, 2004 RL30763
James R. Riehl, Information Research Division
Telework in the Federal Government: Background, Policy, and Oversight
Updated April 3, 2002 RL30863
Lorraine H. Tong and Barbara L. Schwemle, Government and Finance Division
Ten Years in U.S.-China Policy; Interest Groups and Their Influence, 1989-2000
Updated December 12, 2000 RL30768
Kerry Dumbaugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Terrorism and Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases: Recent Developments
Updated September 2, 2002 RL31557
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Terrorism and the Law of War: Trying Terrorists as War Criminals before Military Commissions
Updated December 11, 2001 RL31191
Jennifer Elsea, American Law Division
Terrorism and the Military’s Role in Domestic Crisis Management: Background and Issues for Congress
Updated January 27, 2003 RL30938
Jeffrey D. Brake, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Terrorism Funding: FY2002 Appropriations Bills
Updated October 25, 2001 RL31168
Larry Nowels, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Terrorism in Southeast Asia
February 14, 2006 RL31672
Bruce Vaughn, Emma Chanlett-Avery, Thomas Lum, Mark Manyin, and Larry Niksch, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Terrorism: Background on Chemical, Biological, and Toxin Weapons and Options for Lessening Their Impact
December 1, 2004 RL31669
Dana A. Shea Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Terrorism: Near Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, 2002
Updated February 13, 2002 RL31119
Kenneth Katzman, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Terrorism: Section by Section Analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act
December 10, 2001 RL31200
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Terrorism: The New Occupational Hazard
Updated July 23, 2002 RL31387
Edward Rappaport, Domestic Social Policy Division
Terrorist Attacks in Mumbai, India, and Implications for U.S. Interests
December 19, 2008 R40087
K. Alan Kronstadt, Specialist in South Asian Affairs
Terrorist Financing: The U.S. and International Response
Updated December 6, 2002 RL31658
Rensselaer Lee, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Terrorist Motivations for Chemical and Biological Weapons Use: Placing the Threat in Context
Updated March 28, 2003 RL31831
Audrey Kurth Cronin, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Textile and Apparel Rules of Origin in International Trade
Updated May 23, 2003 RL31934
Bernard A. Gelb, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Textile and Apparel Trade Issues
January 5, 2007 RL31723
Bernard A. Gelb, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Thailand: Relations with the U.S., Economic Recovery, and Problems with Burma – A Research Trip Report
Updated June 30, 2000 RL30604
Dick K. Nanto, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Tibet, China, and the 107th Congress: Issues for U.S. Policy
Updated March 12, 2002 RL30983
Kerry Dumbaugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Title III and Title V of the Higher Education Act: Background and Reauthorization Issues
January 30, 2008 RL31647
Charmaine Mercer, Domestic Social Policy Division
Title IX, Sex Discrimination, and Intercollegiate Athletics: A Legal Overview
December 2, 2008 RL31709
Jody Feder, American Law Division
Title X of S. 22: San Joaquin River Restoration
January 9, 2009 R40125
Betsy A. Cody and Pervaze A. Sheikh, Specialists in Natural Resources Policy
Tittle v. Enron Corp. and Fiduciary Duties Under ERISA
Updated April 29, 2002 RL31282
Jon O. Shimabukuro, American Law Division
Tobacco Quota Buyout Proposals in the 108th Congress
November 12, 2004 RL31790
Jasper Womach, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Total Information Awareness Programs: Funding, Composition, and Oversight Issues
Updated March 21, 2003 RL31786
Amy Belasco, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Toxic Substances Control Act: A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements
November 18, 2008 RL31905
Linda-Jo Schierow, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Trade Agreement Monitoring and Enforcement: Issues for Congress
February 12, 2001 RL30828
Dick K. Nanto and Mary Jane Bolle, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade Agreements: Impact on the U.S. Economy
February 6, 2008 RL31932
James K. Jackson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade and the 108th Congress: Major Legislative and Oversight Initiatives
Updated March 11, 2003 RL31780
Raymond J. Ahearn, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade Conflict and the U.S.-European Union Economic Relationship
April 11, 2007 RL30732
Raymond J. Ahearn, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade in the 107th Congress: An Overview
Updated September 4, 2002 RL31070
Vivian C. Jones, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade Promotion (Fast Track) Authority: H.R. 3005 Provisions and Related Issues
Updated November 28, 2001 RL31196
Lenore Sek, Mary Jane Bolle, William H. Cooper, and Vladimir N. Pregelj, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; Mary Tiemann, Resources, Science, and Industry Division; and Richard S. Beth, Government and Finance Division
Trade Promotion (Fast-Track) Authority: A Comparison of Bills Approved by the House and by the Senate with Notes on the Conference Report (H.R. 3009)
Updated July 31, 2002 RL31445
Lenore Sek and William H. Cooper, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade Promotion (Fast-Track) Authority: A Comparison of H.R. 3005 as Approved by the House and by the Senate Finance Committee
Updated April 8, 2002 RL31249
Lenore Sek, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade Promotion (Fast-Track) Authority: Summary and Analysis of Selected Major Provisions of H.R. 3005 and Title XXI of H.R. 3009
Updated June 14, 2002 RL31376
Lenore Sek, William H. Cooper, Mary Jane Bolle and Vladimir N. Pregelj, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; Charles E. Hanrahan and Mary E. Tiemann, Resources, Science and Industry Division; and Richard S. Beth, Government and Finance Division
Trade Promotion Authority (Fast-Track Authority for Trade Agreements): Background and Developments in the 107th Congress
Updated April 2, 2003 RL31844
Lenore Sek, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade Promotion Authority (Fast-Track): Labor Issues (Including H.R. 3005 and H.R. 3009)
Updated June 17, 2002 RL31178
Mary Jane Bolle, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade Remedies and Agriculture
Updated February 22, 2002 RL31296
Geoffrey S. Becker and Charles E. Hanrahan, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Trade Remedy Law Reform in the 108th Congress
Updated July 22, 2003 RL30461
William H. Cooper, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Trade Title of the 2002 Farm Bill: Comparison of Final Provisions with the House and Senate Proposals, and Prior Law
Updated September 27, 2002 RL31581
Geoffrey S. Becker, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Training the Military to Manage Contractors During Expeditionary Operations: Overview and Options for Congress
December 17, 2008 R40057
Moshe Schwartz, Analyst in Defense Acquisition
Transitional Medical Assistance (TMA) Under Medicaid
July 24, 2008 RL31698
April Grady, Domestic Social Policy Division
Treatment of “Battlefield Detainees” in the War on Terrorism
January 23, 2007 RL31367
Jennifer K. Elsea, American Law Division
Treatment of Workers with Disabilities Under Section 14© of the Fair Labor Standards Act
August 27, 2007 RL30674
William G. Whittaker, Domestic Social Policy Division
Trends in U.S. Foreign Food Aid, FY1992-FY2002
Updated May 20, 2003 RL31927
Carol Canada, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Trends in Welfare, Work and Economic Well-Being of Female-Headed Families with Children: 1987-2006
January 29, 2008 RL30797
Thomas Gabe, Domestic Social Policy Division
Trio and GEAR UP Programs: Status and Issues
January 9, 2008 RL31622
Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Domestic Social Policy Division
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Roll Call Votes Since 1982
September 7, 2007 RL31693
Lisa Mages, Knowledge Services Group
U.S. Army School of the Americas: Background and Congressional Concerns
Updated April 16, 2001 RL30532
Richard F. Grimmett and Mark P. Sullivan, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Bilateral Assistance to Russia: 1992-2002
Updated January 16, 2003 RL31699
Curt Tarnoff, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations by President George W. Bush During the 107th-109th Congresses
March 10, 2008 RL31868
Denis Steven Rutkus and Kevis M. Scott, Government and Finance Division; Maureen Bearden, Knowledge Services Group
U.S. Defense Articles and Services Supplied to Foreign Recipients: Restrictions on Their Use
March 14, 2005 RL30982
Richard F. Grimmett, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
u.s. Defense Industrial Base: Trends and Current Issues
Updated October 27, 2000 RL30720
Daniel H. Else, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Foreign Aid to East and South Asia: Selected Recipients
October 8, 2008 RL31362
Thomas Lum, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Foreign Trade in Services: Definition, Patterns and Policy Challenges
July 7, 2008 RL31579
William H. Cooper, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Global Health Priorities: USAIDs Global Health FY2003 Budget
Updated March 18, 2003 RL31433
Tiaji Salaam, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Housing Prices: Is There a Bubble?
September 7, 2006 RL31918
Marc Labonte, Government and Finance Division
U.S. Immigration Policy on Temporary Admissions
January 15, 2009 RL31381
Chad C. Haddal, Analyst in Immigration Policy; Ruth Ellen Wasem, Specialist in Immigration Policy
U.S. International Refugee Assistance: Issues for Congress
Updated January 3, 2003 RL31689
Rhoda Margesson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Military Intervention in Iraq: Some Economic Consequences
Updated May 16, 2003 RL31585
Marc Labonte and Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
U.S. Motor Vehicle Industry: Federal Financial Assistance and Restructuring
December 3, 2008 R40003
Stephen Cooney, Coordinator, Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business
U.S. National Science Foundation: Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR)
January 15, 2009 RL30930
Christine M. Matthews, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
U.S. Nuclear Weapons: Changes in Policy and Force Structure
January 23, 2008 RL31623
Amy F. Woolf, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Oil Exports
December 11, 2008 R40120
Robert Bamberger, Specialist in Energy Policy
U.S. Policy Regarding the International Criminal Court
August 29, 2006 RL31495
Jennifer K. Elsea, American Law Division
U.S. Postal Service Response to the Threat of Bioterrorism Through the Mail
Updated June 5, 2002 RL31280
Frank Gottron, Resources, Science and Industry Division
U.S. Tobacco Production, Consumption, and Export Trends
June 3, 2003 RL30947
Jasper Womach, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
U.S. Trade and Investment Relationship with Sub-Saharan Africa: The African Growth and Opportunity Act and Beyond
October 28, 2008 RL31772
Danielle Langton, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S. Trade Deficit: Causes, Consequences, and Cures
April 23, 2008 RL31032
Craig K. Elwell, Government and Finance Division
U.S. Trade in Financial Services: An Overview
Updated August 10, 2001 RL31110
Patricia A. Wertman and William H. Cooper, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S.-centric Chronology of the International Climate Change Negotiations
December 23, 2008 R40001
Jane A. Leggett, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy
U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement: Economic and Trade Policy Issues
Updated September 10, 2003 RL31144
J.F. Hornbeck, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S.-European Union Disputes in the World Trade Organization
Updated May 27, 2003 RL31860
Raymond J. Ahearn, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; and Jeanne J. Grimmett, American Law Division
U.S.-Iraq Withdrawal/Status of Force Agreement: Issues for Congressional Oversight
December 12, 2008 R40011
R. Chuck Mason, American Law Division
U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
Updated December 13, 2001 RL30652
Joshua Ruebner, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement
June 15, 2004 RL31789
Dick K. Nanto, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Ukraine’s Future and U.S. Policy Issues
February 27, 2004 RL30984
Steven Woehrel, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Unauthorized Alien Students: Legislation in the 107th and 108th Congresses
January 17, 2007 RL31365
Andorra Bruno and Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Domestic Social Policy Division
Unemployment Through Layoffs and Offshore Outsourcing
January 11, 2008 RL30799
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
UNESCO Membership: Issues for Congress
Updated November 20, 2003 RL30985
Vita Bite and Lois B. McHugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Updated January 3, 2003 RL31690
Rhoda Margesson and Johanna Bockman, Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division
United Nations Regular Budget Contributions: Members Compared, 1989-2006
January 28, 2008 RL30605
Marjorie Ann Browne and Luisa Blanchfield, International Relations
University of Michigan Affirmative Action Cases: Racial Diversity in Higher Education
July 15, 2003 RL31874
Charles V. Dale, American Law Division
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Background and Issues for Congress
November 21, 2005 RL31872
Harlan Geer and Christopher Bolkcom, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Updating Animal Health Protection Statutes: Comparison of Current Law with Senate Farm Bill and House Proposals
Updated July 26, 2002 RL31350
Segarra, Alejandro E.
USA PATRIOT Act: A Legal Analysis
Updated April 15, 2002 RL31377
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Using Business Tax Cuts to Stimulate the Economy
February 19, 2008 RL31134
Jane G. Gravelle, Government and Finance Division
V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft
January 2, 2009 RL31384
Christopher Bolkcom, Specialist in Military Aviation
Vaccine Policy Issues
May 19, 2005 RL31793
Susan Thaul, Domestic Social Policy Division
Value-Added Agricultural Enterprises in Rural Development Strategies
Updated October 8, 2002 RL31598
Tadlock Cowan, Visiting Scholar, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Veterans Issues in the 107th Congress
Updated March 15, 2002 RL30803
Dennis W. Snook, Domestic Social Policy Division
Vice Presidency: Evolution of the Modern Office, 1933-2001
Updated February 13, 2001 RL30842
Harold C. Relyea, Government and Finance Division
Victims Rights Amendment: A Proposal to Amend the United States Constitution in the 108th Congress
April 16, 2004 RL31750
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Victims’ Rights Amendment: Proposals to Amend the United States Constitution in the 106th Congress
Updated May 12, 2000 RL30525
Charles Doyle, American Law Division
Vietnam’s Labor Rights Regime: An Assessment
Updated March 14, 2002 RL30896
Mark Manyin, Thomas Lum, and Lois B. McHugh, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; and Phuong-Khanh Nguyen and Wendy Zeldin, Law Library of Congress
Vietnam-U.S. Textile Agreement
Updated June 18, 2003 RL31470
Nicole J. Sayres, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Violence Against Women Act: History and Federal Funding
August 7, 2008 RL30871
Garrine P. Laney, Domestic Social Policy Division
Visa Issuances: Policy, Issues, and Legislation
January 24, 2008 RL31512
Ruth Ellen Wasem, Domestic Social Policy Division
Voting Technologies in the United States: Overview and Issues for Congress
Updated March 21, 2001 RL30773
Eric A. Fischer, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Walker v. Cheney: District Court Decision and Issues on Appeal
Updated March 8, 2004 RL31713
T.J. Halstead, American Law Division
Walker v. Cheney: Statutory and Constitutional Issues Arising From the General Accounting Office’s Suit Against the Vice President
Updated May 1, 2002 RL31397
T.J. Halstead, American Law Division
Water Infrastructure Financing Legislation: Comparison of S. 1961 and H.R. 3930
June 10, 2002 RL31344
Claudia Copeland and Mary Tiemann, Resources, Science and Industry Division
Water Infrastructure Needs and Investment : Review and Analysis of Key Issues
November 24, 2008 RL31116
Claudia Copeland and Mary Tiemann, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Water Quality Issues in the 111th Congress: Oversight and Implementation
January 6, 2009 R40098
Claudia Copeland, Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan
November 28, 2006 RL31900
Sharon A. Squassoni, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Welfare Reform: Comments from the Public on TANF Reauthorization
December 28, 2004 RL31371
Vee Burke, Gene Falk, Melinda Gish, Shannon Harper, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Karen Spar, and Emilie Stoltzfus, Domestic Social Policy Division
What Happens to SCHIP After March 31, 2009
December 19, 2008 R40075
Chris L. Peterson, Specialist in Health Financing
What is a Recession and Who Decided When It Started
December 15, 2008 R40052
Brian W. Cashell, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy
Why Is the Amount of Currency in Circulation Rising?
April 30, 2004 RL30904
Marc Labonte, Macroeconomics Government and Finance Division; Gail Makinen, Government and Finance Division
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and Federal Water Rights
January 9, 2009 RL30809
Cynthia Brougher, Legislative Attorney
Wilderness: Overview and Statistics
January 8, 2009 RL31447
Ross W. Gorte, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program: Status and Current Issues
December 11, 2008 R40051
Megan Stubbs, Analyst in Agricultural Conservation and National Resources Policy
Wireless Privacy and Spam: Issues for Congress
December 28, 2006 RL31636
Patricia Moloney Figliola, Resources, Science, and Industry Division
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)
January 9, 2008 RL31250
Linda Levine, Domestic Social Policy Division
Workplace Codes of Conduct in China and Related Labor Conditions
Updated April 23, 2003 RL31862
Thomas Lum, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
World Bank: Funding IDA’s Assistance Program
Updated May 21, 2002 RL31418
Jonathan E. Sanford, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
World Bank: IDA Loans or IDA Grants
February 8, 2002 RL31136
Jonathan E. Sanford, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD): Background and Prospective Issues
Updated October 25, 2002 RL31385
Susan R. Fletcher, Resources, Science and Industry Division
WTO Doha Ministerial: Results and Agenda for a New Round of Negotiations
Updated December 4, 2001 RL31206
William H. Cooper, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Yugoslavia War Crimes Tribunal: Current Issues for Congress
Updated May 23, 2002 RL30864
Julie Kim, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Zimbabwe Backgrounder
Updated December 27, 2001 RL31229
Raymond W. Copson, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division