U.S. Congressional Documents - Congressional Research Service Reports: April 2015

2001 And 2003 Bush Tax Cuts And Deficit Reduction
July 18, 2012 R42020
Hungerford, Thomas L.

2010 Decennial Census: Background And Issues
October 18, 2012 R40551
Williams, Jennifer D.

2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Natural Resource Damage Assessment Under The Oil Pollution Act
July 24, 2013 R41972
Vann, Adam; Meltz, Robert

501©(4)s And Campaign Activity: Analysis Under Tax And Campaign Finance Laws
May 17, 2013 R40183
Lunder, Erika K.; Whitaker, L. Paige

Ability To Repay, Risk-retention Standards, And Mortgage Credit Access
June 5, 2012 R42056
Getter, Darryl E.

ACA: A Brief Overview Of The Law, Implementation, And Legal Challenges
July 3, 2012 R41664
Redhead, C. Stephen; et al.

Access To Broadband Networks: The Net Neutrality Debate
July 2, 2014 R40616
Gilroy, Angele A.

Addressing the Long-Run Budget Deficit: A Comparison Of Approaches
December 9, 2014 R41970
Gravelle, Jane G.

Administration’s Supplemental Request For Ebola And Other Infectious Diseases
November 7, 2014 IN10176
Lister, Sarah A.

Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (Atvm) Loan Program: Status and Issues
January 6, 2012 R42064
Canis, Bill; Yacobucci, Brent D.

Advertising by the Federal Government: An Overview
June 23, 2014 R41681
Kosar, Kevin R.

Agricultural Conservation: A Guide to Programs
February 5, 2013 R40763
Stubbs, Megan

Agricultural Export Programs: Background And Issues
June 18, 2013 R41202
Hanrahan, Charles E.

Agricultural Research, Education, And Extension: Issues And Background
March 23, 2012 R40819
Shields, Dennis A.

Agriculture in the Bali Agreement: A Way Forward
November 13, 2014 IN10163
Schnepf, Randy

Agriculture-Based Biofuels: Overview And Emerging Issues
May 1, 2013 R41282
Schnepf, Randy

Alien Removals and Returns: Overview and Trends
February 7, 1989 R43892
Siskin, Alison

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues In Congress
April 4, 2013 R40168
Yacobucci, Brent D.

Amending Process in the Senate
March 15, 2013 98-853
Davis, Christopher M.

Amendments Between the Houses: Procedural Options and Effects
April 5, 2013 R41003
Rybicki, Elizabeth

American Community Survey: Development, Implementation, and Issues for Congress
June 17, 2013 R41532
Williams, Jennifer D.

Analysis of the Buffett Rule
March 28, 2012 R42043
Hungerford, Thomas L.

Anthem Data Breach: How Safe Is Health Information Under Hipaa
January 6, 2012 IN10235
Redhead, C. Stephen

Antipoverty Effects of Unemployment Insurance
October 16, 2012 R41777
Gabe, Thomas; Whittaker, Julie M.

Appropriations and Fund Transfers in the Affordable Care Act (ACA)
October 10, 2014 R41301
Redhead, C. Stephen

Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory
February 23, 2012 R40437
Matthews, Christine M.

Army Corps of Engineers Water Resource Authorization, Appropriations, and Activities
July 1, 2014 R41243
Carter, Nicole T.; Stern, Charles V.

Asian Carp and the Great Lakes Region
January 23, 2014 R41082
Stern, Charles V.; et al.

Automatic Continuing Resolutions: Background and Overview of Recent Proposals
October 28, 2013 R41948
Tollestrup, Jessica

Battery Manufacturing for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles: Policy Issues
April 4, 2013 R41709
Canis, Bill

Battle over Cable Boxes
November 14, 2014 IN10180
Scherer, Dana A.

Bee Health: The Role of Pesticides
January 6, 2012 R43900
Johnson, Renee; Corn, M. Lynne

Beverage Industry Pledges to Reduce Americans’ Drink Calories
October 6, 2014 IN10162
Dabrowska, Agata

Biennial Budgeting: Options, Issues, and Previous Congressional Action
January 6, 2012 R41764
Tollestrup, Jessica

Bills of Attainder: The Constitutional Implications of Congress Legislating Narrowly
August 26, 2014 R40826
Thomas, Kenneth R.

Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
January 11, 2012 R40110
Yacobucci, Brent D.

Biological Opinions for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: A Case Law Summary
January 23, 2012 R41876
Alexander, Kristina

Biomass: Comparison Of Definitions in Legislation through the 112th Congress
November 14, 2012 R40529
Bracmort, Kelsi

Block Grants: Perspectives and Controversies
July 15, 2014 R40486
Dilger, Robert Jay; Boyd, Eugene

Budget Control Act: Potential Impact of Sequestration on Health Reform Spending
May 31, 2013 R42051
Redhead, C. Stephen

Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration
November 26, 2012 98-814
Heniff, Bill Jr.

Budget Reconciliation Process: Timing of Committee Responses to Reconciliation Directives
October 24, 2013 R41151
Lynch, Megan S.

Budget Sequestration and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules
June 13, 2013 R42050
Spar, Karen

Can Body Worn Cameras Serve as a Deterrent to Police Misconduct
August 28, 2014 IN10142
James, Nathan

Can Contractionary Fiscal Policy Be Expansionary
January 11, 2013 R41849
Gravelle, Jane G.; Hungerford, Thomas L.

Carbon Capture: A Technology Assessment
November 5, 2013 R41325
Folger, Peter

Cars, Trucks, and Climate: EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases from Mobile Sources
March 13, 2014 R40506
McCarthy, James E.; Yacobucci, Brent D.

Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress
August 4, 2014 R41153
O’Rourke, Ronald

Changes in the Purposes and Frequency of Authorizations of Appropriations
January 16, 2015 R43862
Tollestrup, Jessica

Changes in the Purposes and Frequency of Authorizations of Appropriations
January 6, 2012 R43862
Tollestrup, Jessica

Changing the Federal Reserve’s Mandate: An Economic Analysis
August 12, 2013 R41656
Labonte, Marc

Child Tax Credit: Current Law and Legislative History
July 28, 2014 R41873
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.

Child Well-Being and Noncustodial Fathers
February 12, 2013 R41431
Solomon-Fears, Carmen; et al.

Childhood Overweight and Obesity: Data Brief
November 13, 2014 R41420
Dabrowska, Agata

China’s Air Defense Identification Zone (Adiz)
November 8, 2000 R43894
Rinehart, Ian E.; Elias, Bart

China’s Mineral Industry and U.S. Access To Strategic and Critical Minerals: Issues for Congress
January 9, 2015 R43864
Humphries, Marc

China’s Mineral Industry and u.s. Access to Strategic and Critical Minerals: Issues for Congress
November 8, 2000 R43864
Humphries, Marc

Circular A-76 and the Moratorium on DOD Competitions: Background and Issues for Congress
January 16, 2013 R40854
Grasso, Valerie Ann Bailey

Clean Air Issues in the 112th Congress
December 31, 2012 R41563
McCarthy, James E.

Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis of Plans and Issues for Congress
January 6, 2012 R43915
Leggett, Jane A.

Climate Summit 2014: Warm-Up for 2015
September 24, 2014 IN10153
Leggett, Jane A.

Closing Yucca Mountain: Litigation Associated with Attempts to Abandon the Planned Nuclear Waste Repository
June 4, 2012 R41675
Garvey, Todd

Common Questions About Federal Records and Related Agency Requirements
February 3, 2004 R43072
Ginsberg, Wendy

Community Development Block Grants: Funding Issues in the 112th Congress and Recent Funding History
June 28, 2012 R41754
Boyd, Eugene

Compensated Work Sharing Arrangements (Short-Time Compensation) as an Alternative to Layoffs
August 8, 2014 R40689
Whittaker, Julie M.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act: A Summary of Superfund Cleanup Authorities and Related Provisions of the Act
June 14, 2012 R41039
Bearden, David M.

Congress Faces Calls to Address Expiring ACA Appropriations
November 25, 2014 IN10185
Redhead, C. Stephen; Heisler, Elayne J.

Congressional Budget Office
1975-2012 March 3, 2015

Congressional Careers: Service Tenure and Patterns of Member Service, 1789-2013
January 3, 2013 R41545
Glassman, Matthew Eric; Wilhelm, Amber Hope

Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations
January 22, 2013 R40076
Glassman, Matthew Eric; Straus, Jacob R.

Congressional Member Organizations: Their Purpose and Activities, History, and Formation
August 14, 2014 R40683
Dilger, Robert Jay; Glassman, Matthew E.

Congressional Oversight and Related Issues concerning International Security Agreements Concluded by the United States
June 7, 2012 R40614
Garcia, Michael John; Mason, R. Chuck

Congressional Oversight Manual
December 19, 2014 RL30240
Dolan, Alissa M.; et al.

Congressional Oversight Manual
January 6, 2012 RL30240
Dolan, Alissa M.; et al.

Congressional Responses to Selected Work Stoppages in Professional Sports
September 17, 2012 R41060
Halchin, L. Elaine; et al.

Congressional Roll Call Votes on the Keystone Xl Pipeline
January 6, 2012 R43870
Cunningham, Lynn J.; Cook, Beth

Constitutional Points of Order in the Senate
November 12, 2014 R40948
Heitshusen, Valerie

Consumers and Food Price Inflation
September 13, 2013 R40545
Schnepf, Randy

Contract “Bundling” under the Small Business Act: Existing Law and Proposed Amendments
June 11, 2012 R41133
Manuel, Kate M.

Contract Types: Legal Overview
January 6, 2012 R41168
Manuel, Kate M.

Contracting Programs for Alaska Native Corporations: Historical Development and Legal Authorities
November 28, 2012 R40855
Manuel, Kate M.; et al.

Covered Bonds: Background and Policy Issues
April 26, 2013 R41322
Murphy, Edward V.

Credit for Military Service under Civilian Federal Employee Retirement Systems
March 27, 2014 R40428
Isaacs, Katelin P.

Cuba Sanctions: Legislative Restrictions Limiting the Normalization of Relations
November 8, 2000 R43888
Rennack, Dianne E.; Sullivan, Mark P.

Cyber Operations in DOD Policy and Plans: Issues for Congress
January 5, 2015 R43848
Theohary, Catherine A.; Harrington, Anne I.

Cyber Operations in Dod Policy and Plans: Issues for Congress
October 24, 1989 R43848
Theohary, Catherine A.; Harrington, Anne I.

Cybersecurity: FISMA Reform
November 24, 2014 IN10186
Fischer, Eric A.

Dark Pools in Equity Trading: Significance and Recent Developments
August 27, 2014 IN10140
Shorter, Gary; Miller, Rena S.

Debate over Selected Presidential Assistants and Advisors: Appointment, Accountability, and Congressional Oversight
March 31, 2014 R40856
Schwemle, Barbara L.; et al.

Deficit Reduction: The Economic and Tax Revenue Effects of the Personal Exemption Phaseout (PEP) and the Limitation on Itemized Deductions (Pease)
February 1, 2013 R41796
Hungerford, Thomas L.

Definition of Income for Certain Medicaid Provisions and Premium Credits in ACA
February 5, 2013 R41997
Mulvey, Janemarie; et al.

Definitions of “Inherently Governmental Function” in Federal Procurement Law and Guidance
December 23, 2014 R42325
Manuel, Kate M.

Definitions of Inherently Governmental Function in Federal Procurement Law and Guidance
January 6, 2012 R42325
Manuel, Kate M.

Deploying 5G (Fifth Generation) Wireless Technology: Is the United States on Track
October 21, 2014 IN10110
Moore, Linda K.

Deregulating Genetically Engineered Alfalfa and Sugar Beets: Legal and Administrative Responses
May 22, 2013 R41395
Cowan, Tadlock; Alexander, Kristina

Desalination and Membrane Technologies: Federal Research and Adoption Issues
December 16, 2013 R40477
Carter, Nicole T.

Designating Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs)
August 28, 2014 IN10141
Labonte, Marc

Disability Benefits Available under the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Veterans Disability Compensation (VDC) Programs
September 12, 2012 R41289
Moulta-Ali, Umar

Discretionary Budget Authority by Subfunction: An Overview
January 24, 2014 R41726
Austin, D. Andrew

Discretionary Spending under the Affordable Care Act (ACA)
October 28, 2014 R41390
Redhead, C. Stephen; et al.

District Of Columbia Tuition Assistance Grant (DCTAG) Program
February 7, 2013 R41313
Hegji, Alexandra

District of Columbia: Marijuana Decriminalization and Enforcement; Issues of Home Rule and Congressional Oversight
July 17, 2014 IN10108
Boyd, Eugene

DNA Testing in Criminal Justice: Background, Current Law, Grants, and Issues
December 6, 2012 R41800
James, Nathan

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act: Title VII, Derivatives
November 6, 2012 R41398
Miller, Rena S.; Ruane, Kathleen Ann

Domestic Human Trafficking Legislation in the 114th Congress
January 6, 2012 R43917
Finklea, Kristin; et al.

Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell: A Legal Analysis
August 6, 2013 R40795
Feder, Jody

Double-Dip Recession: Previous Experience and Current Prospect
June 19, 2012 R41444
Elwell, Craig K.

Dynamic Scoring
January 21, 2015 IN10215
Gravelle, Jane G.

Dynamic Scoring
January 6, 2012 IN10215
Gravelle, Jane G.

Earthquake Risk and U.S. Highway Infrastructure: Frequently Asked Questions
June 5, 2013 R41746
Mallett, William J.; et al.

Economic Development Administration: Reauthorization and Funding Issues in the 112th Congress
March 1, 2012 R41162
Boyd, Eugene

Economic Growth and the Unemployment Rate
January 7, 2013 R42063
Levine, Linda

Economic Recovery: Sustaining U.S. Economic Growth in a Post-Crisis Economy
April 18, 2013 R41332
Elwell, Craig K.

Effects of Tohoku Tsunami and Fukushima Radiation on the U.S. Marine Environment
August 17, 2012 R41751
Buck, Eugene H.; Upton, Harold F.

Electronic Employment Eligibility Verification
March 19, 2013 R40446
Bruno, Andorra

Employment Growth and Progress toward Full Employment
November 28, 2014 IN10187
Labonte, Marc

Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 112th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices
June 14, 2012 R41608
Buck, Eugene H.; et al.

Energy and Water Development: FY2012 Appropriations
February 6, 2012 R41908
Behrens, Carl E.

Energy Projects on Federal Lands: Leasing and Authorization
February 1, 2012 R40806
Vann, Adam

Energy Tax Incentives: Measuring Value across Different Types of Energy Resources
September 18, 2012 R41953
Sherlock, Molly F.

Energy Tax Policy: Issues in the 112th Congress
March 28, 2012 R41769
Sherlock, Molly F.; Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.

Environmental Considerations in Federal Procurement: An Overview of the Legal Authorities and Their Implementation
January 7, 2013 R41297
Manuel, Kate M.; Halchin, L. Elaine

Environmental Regulation and Agriculture
February 22, 2013 R41622
Stubbs, Megan

EPA Delays Decision on 2014 Renewable Fuel Standard to 2015
December 1, 2014 IN10189
McMinimy, Mark A.

Epa Regulation of Greenhouse Gases: Congressional Responses and Options
January 6, 2012 R41212
McCarthy, James E.

EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or on Track?
July 8, 2014 R41561
McCarthy, James E.; Copeland, Claudia

EPA’s Boiler MACT: Controlling Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants
March 9, 2012 R41459
McCarthy, James E.

EPA’s Clean Power Plan Proposal: Are the Emission Rate Targets Front-Loaded
November 3, 2014 IN10172
Ramseur, Jonathan L.

EPA’s Proposed CO2 Rule for Existing Power Plants: How Would It Affect Nuclear Energy
August 4, 2014 IN10124
Holt, Mark

EPA’s Upcoming Ozone Standard: How Much Will Compliance Cost
October 15, 2014 IN10165
McCarthy, James E.

Evaluating the Past Performance of Federal Contractors: Legal Requirements nd Issues
February 4, 2013 R41562
Manuel, Kate M.

Exemptions for Firearms in Bankruptcy
February 15, 2013 R41799
Pettit, Carol A.; Platte, Vastine D.

Expiring Farm Bill Programs without a Budget Baseline
March 30, 2012 R41433
Monke, Jim

Expiring Unemployment Insurance Provisions
December 27, 2013 R41508
Isaacs, Katelin P.

Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Debate
August 18, 2014 IN10097
Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias

Fact Sheet: The Social Security Retirement Age
January 24, 2013 R41962
Sidor, Gary

Farm Safety Net Proposals in the 112th Congress
April 18, 2012 R42040
Shields, Dennis A.; Schnepf, Randy

Farm-to-Food Price Dynamics
September 27, 2013 R40621
Schnepf, Randy

FBI Director: Appointment and Tenure
February 19, 2014 R41850
Chu, Vivian S.; Hogue, Henry B.

Federal Agency Actions Following the Supreme Court’s Climate Change Decision in Massachusetts v. EPA: A Chronology
January 9, 2014 R41103
Meltz, Robert

Federal Crop Insurance: Background
December 12, 2013 R40532
Shields, Dennis A.

Federal Deposit Insurance for Banks and Credit Unions
April 22, 2014 R41718
Getter, Darryl E.

Federal Employees Health Benefits (Fehb) Program: An Overview
January 6, 2012 R43922
Blom, Kirstin B.; Cornell, Ada S.

Federal Employees’ Retirement System: Benefits and Financing
January 30, 2014 98-810
Isaacs, Katelin P.

Federal Holidays: Evolution and Current Practices
May 9, 2014 R41990
Straus, Jacob R.

Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: The 18 U.S.C. 924© Tack-On in Cases Involving Drugs or Violence
October 21, 2013 R41412
Doyle, Charles

Federal Pause in Potentially Risky Influenza Research
November 24, 2014 IN10184
Shea, Dana A.

Federal Student Loans Made under the Federal Family Education Loan Program and the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program: Terms and Conditions for Borrowers
June 7, 2013 R40122
Smole, David P.

Federal Support for Academic Research
October 18, 2012 R41895
Matthews, Christine M.

Federalism Issues in Surface Transportation Policy: Past and Present
July 27, 2012 R40431
Dilger, Robert J.

Filling U.S. Senate Vacancies: Perspectives and Contemporary Developments
July 16, 2013 R40421
Neale, Thomas H.

Financial Market Supervision: Canada’s Perspective
April 4, 2013 R40687
Jackson, James K.

First-Term Members of the House of Representatives and Senate, 64th-113th Congresses
January 25, 2013 R41283
Manning, Jennifer E.; Petersen, R. Eric

Follow-On Biologics: The Law and Intellectual Property Issues
January 15, 2014 R41483
Thomas, John R.

Food Safety Issues for the 114th Congress
January 6, 2012 R42885
Johnson, Renee

Foreign Assistance: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
October 28, 2013 R41880
Lawson, Marian L.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA): Congressional Interest and Executive Enforcement
February 7, 2012 R41466
Seitzinger, Michael V.

From Initial Rate Filings to Final Premiums: Peering into the Black Box
August 7, 2014 IN10128
Fernandez, Bernadette; Mach, Annie L.

GAO Bid Protests: An Overview of Time Frames and Procedures
December 2, 2014 R40228
Manuel, Kate M.; Schwartz, Moshe

GAO Bid Protests: Trends and Analysis
August 9, 2013 R40227
Schwartz, Moshe; et al.

Geoengineering: Governance and Technology Policy
November 26, 2013 R41371
Bracmort, Kelsi; Lattanzio, Richard K.

Global Challenge Of HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria
February 23, 2012 R41802
Kendall, Alexandra E.

Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI): Budget Authority and Request, FY2010-FY2014
May 28, 2013 R41845
Lattanzio, Richard K.

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: Issues for Congress and U.S. Contributions from FY2001 to FY2013
May 15, 2012 R41363
Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji; Kendall, Alexandra E.

Government Assistance for GMAC/Ally Financial: Unwinding the Government Stake
September 3, 2014 R41846
Webel, Baird; Canis, Bill

GSEs and the Government’s Role in Housing Finance: Issues for the 113th Congress
September 13, 2013 R40800
Weiss, N. Eric

Guide to Describing the Income Distribution
January 6, 2012 R43897
Donovan, Sarah A.

H.r. 399, the Secure Our Borders First Act of 2015: Report in Brief
February 7, 1989 R43879
Seghetti, Lisa; Bjelopera, Jerome P.

Health Care: Constitutional Rights and Legislative Powers
July 9, 2012 R40846
Swendiman, Kathleen S.

Health Insurance Premium Credits in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
March 12, 2014 R41137
Fernandez, Bernadette

Higher Education Tax Benefits: Brief Overview and Budgetary Effects
March 12, 2013 R41967
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.

Hollowing Out in U.S. Manufacturing: Analysis and Issues for Congress
April 15, 2013 R41712
Levinson, Marc

Homeland Security Appropriations: Fy2015 Action in the 114th Congress
February 7, 1989 R43884
Painter, William L.

House Apportionment 2012: States Gaining, Losing, and on the Margin
August 23, 2013 R41584
Crocker, Royce

House Committee Reports: Required Contents
January 6, 2012 98-169
Schneider, Judy

How FDA Approves Drugs and Regulates Their Safety and Effectiveness
June 25, 2012 R41983
Thaul, Susan

How Will the Federal Reserve Normalize Monetary Policy after QE
October 30, 2014 IN10170
Labonte, Marc

Human-Induced Earthquakes from Deep-Well Injection: A Brief Overview
December 22, 2014 R43836
Folger, Peter; Tiemann, Mary

Human-Induced Earthquakes From Deep-Well Injection: A Brief Overview
January 6, 2012 R43836
Folger, Peter; Tiemann, Mary

Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Regulatory Issues
January 10, 2013 R41760
Tiemann, Mary; Vann, Adam

Identity Theft: Trends and Issues
January 16, 2014 R40599
Finklea, Kristin

Increase in Unemployment since 2007: Is It Cyclical or Structural
January 24, 2013 R41785
Levine, Linda

Independent Payment Advisory Board
April 17, 2013 R41511
Hahn, Jim; Davis, Christopher M.

Individual Mandate under ACA
August 12, 2014 R41331
Mach, Annie L.

Inflation-Indexing Elements in Federal Entitlement Programs
April 24, 2013 R42000
Nuschler, Dawn

Information Warfare: Cyberattacks on Sony
January 6, 2012 IN10218
Theohary, Catherine A.

Inland Waterways: Recent Proposals and Issues for Congress
May 3, 2013 R41430
Stern, Charles V.

Insourcing Functions Performed by Federal Contractors: An Overview of the Legal Issues
February 22, 2013 R41810
Manuel, Kate M.; Maskell, Jack

International Climate Change Financing: The Climate Investment Funds (CIFs)
June 3, 2013 R41302
Lattanzio, Richard K.

International Climate Change Financing: The Green Climate Fund (GCF)
November 17, 2014 R41889
Lattanzio, Richard K.

International Corporate Tax Rate Comparisons and Policy Implications
January 6, 2014 R41743
Gravelle, Jane G.

International Environmental Financing: The Global Environment Facility (GEF)
June 3, 2013 R41165
Lattanzio, Richard K.

International Food Aid Programs: Background and Issues
May 28, 2014 R41072
Schnepf, Randy

International Monetary Fund: Background and Issues for Congress
July 17, 2014 R42019
Weiss, Martin A.

International Trade and Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 113th Congress
April 15, 2013 R41553
Hornbeck, J. F.; Irace, Mary A.

Internships, Fellowships, and other Work Experience Opportunities in the Federal Government
November 18, 2014 98-654
Bailey, Christina Miracle; Manning, Jennifer E.

Interplay of Borders, Turf, Cyberspace, and Jurisdiction: Issues Confronting U.S. Law Enforcement
January 17, 2013 R41927
Finklea, Kristin M.

Introduction to Public Housing
January 3, 2014 R41654
McCarty, Maggie

Introduction to the Federal Budget Process
December 3, 2012 98-721
Heniff, Bill Jr.; et al.

Is Biopower Carbon Neutral
July 19, 2013 R41603
Bracmort, Kelsi

Issues and Challenges for Federal Geospatial Information
April 27, 2012 R41826
Folger, Peter

Job Creation in the Manufacturing Revival
June 19, 2013 R41898
Levinson, Marc

Job Growth During the Recovery
October 16, 2012 R41434
Levine, Linda

Justice and Mental Health Collaboration Program: Fact Sheet
January 6, 2012 R43556
James, Nathan

Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues
December 2, 2013 R41668
Parfomak, Paul W.; et al.

Landsat: Overview and Issues for Congress
October 27, 2014 R40594
Folger, Peter

Latin America and the Caribbean: Key Issues for the 114th Congress
November 8, 2000 R43882
Sullivan, Mark P.

Leahy-Smith America Invents Act: Innovation Issues
January 15, 2014 R42014
Thomas, John R.

Leaving Congress: House of Representatives and Senate Departures Data since 1989
June 26, 2013 R41428
Manning, Jennifer E.; Petersen, R. Eric

Legal Analysis of Religious Exemptions for Photo Identification Requirements
September 5, 2012 R40515
Brougher, Cynthia

Legal Protections for Subcontractors on Federal Prime Contracts
January 27, 2014 R41230
Manuel, Kate M.

Legislative History Research: A Guide to Resources for Congressional Staff
August 16, 2013 R41865
Taylor, Julia

Legislative Planning: Considerations for Congressional Staff
January 6, 2012 RS20991
Schneider, Judy

Limitations in Appropriations Measures: An Overview of Procedural Issues
September 29, 2014 R41634
Tollestrup, Jessica

Measles: Background and Federal Role in Vaccine Policy
January 6, 2012 R43899
Barry, Matthew B.; Cole, Jared P.

Measuring the Loss of Manufacturing Jobs
July 21, 2014 IN10109
Levinson, Marc

Medicare Advantage (Ma)—Proposed Benchmark Update and Other Adjustments for Cy2016: In Brief
January 6, 2012 R43921
Morgan, Paulette C.

Medicare Financing
September 19, 2013 R41436
Davis, Patricia A.

Medicare Primer
January 31, 2013 R40425
Davis, Patricia A.; et al.

Medicare: Insolvency Postponed
July 29, 2014 IN10121
Davis, Patricia A.

Medicare: Part B Premiums
March 12, 2014 R40082
Davis, Patricia A.

Meeting the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) Mandate for Cellulosic Biofuels: Questions and Answers
January 11, 2012 R41106
Bracmort, Kelsi

Members’ Representational Allowance: History and Usage
November 25, 2013 R40962
Brudnick, Ida A.

Membership of the 112th Congress: A Profile
November 26, 2012 R41647
Manning, Jennifer E.

Membership of the 114th Congress: A Profile
January 6, 2012 R43869
Manning, Jennifer E.

Mental Disorders among OEF/OIF Veterans Using VA Health Care: Facts and Figures
February 4, 2013 R41921
Bagalman, Erin

Military Pay: Key Questions and Answers
January 20, 2015 RL33446
Kapp, Lawrence; Torreon, Barbara Salazar

Military Pay: Key Questions and Answers
October 24, 1989 RL33446
Kapp, Lawrence; Torreon, Barbara Salazar

Multilateral Development Banks: General Capital Increases
January 27, 2012 R41672
Weiss, Martin A.

Multilateral Development Banks: How the United States Makes and Implements Policy
April 29, 2014 R41537
Nelson, Rebecca M.; Weiss, Martin A.

National Park System: What do the Different Park Titles Signify
February 20, 2013 R41816
Comay, Laura B.

National Security Letters: Proposals in the 113th Congress
“April 15, 2002

R43322"
Doyle, Charles

National Telecommunications and Information Administration (Ntia): An Overview of Programs and Funding
January 6, 2012 R43866
Moore, Linda K.

National Voter Registration Act of 1993: History, Implementation, and Effects
September 18, 2013 R40609
Crocker, Royce

Net Neutrality: The FCC’s Authority to Regulate Broadband Internet Traffic Management
March 26, 2014 R40234
Ruane, Kathleen Ann

Nigeria’s 2015 Elections and the Boko Haram Crisis
November 8, 2000 R43881
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch

North Korea: Back on the State Sponsors of Terrorism Lists
January 21, 2015 R43865
Manyin, Mark E.; et al.

North Korea: Back on the State Sponsors of Terrorism Lists
November 8, 2000 R43865
Manyin, Mark E.; et al.

Nuclear Power Plant Design and Seismic Safety Considerations
January 12, 2012 R41805
Andrews, Anthony; Folger, Peter

Number of African American Judges Reaches All-Time High; Do Issues Remain
January 6, 2012 IN10234
McMillion, Barry J.

Obama Administration’s Proposed Aumf Against the Islamic State: Some Immediate Takeaways
24-Oct-89
Garcia, Michael John

Ocean Acidification
July 30, 2013 R40143
Upton, Harold F.; Folger, Peter

Oil Sands and the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund: The Definition of Oil and Related Issues for Congress
January 6, 2012 R43128
Ramseur, Jonathan L.

Oil Spill Legislation in the 112th Congress
February 21, 2012 R41684
Ramseur, Jonathan L.

Organized Crime: An Evolving Challenge for U.S. Law Enforcement
January 6, 2012 R41547
Bjelopera, Jerome P.; Finklea, Kristin M.

Organized Retail Crime
December 11, 2012 R41118
Finklea, Kristin M.

Overseas Private Investment Corporation: Background and Legislative Issues
September 25, 2013 98-567
Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias

Overview of Major Tax Proposals in the President’s FY2012 Budget
May 4, 2012 R41699
Keightley, Mark P.; et al.

Overview of the Home Investment Partnerships Program
September 11, 2014 R40118
Jones, Katie

Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources
November 17, 2014 R41759
Nagel, Jared C.; Murray, Justin

Perjury under Federal Law: A Brief Overview
January 28, 2014 98-808
Doyle, Charles

Perjury under Federal Law: A Sketch of the Elements
January 28, 2014 98-807
Doyle, Charles

Perspectives on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (Ssci) Torture Report and Enhanced Interrogation Techniques: In Brief
“April 15, 2002

R43906"
Miles, Anne Daugherty

Points of Order Limiting the Contents of Reconciliation Legislation: In Brief
January 6, 2012 R43885
Saturno, James V.

Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers
December 23, 2014 R43834
Cole, Jared P.

Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers
January 6, 2012 R43834
Cole, Jared P.

Post-9/11 Evolution of the United States’ Defining of the Terrorist Threat from Al Qaeda
January 20, 2015 IN10214
Rollins, John W.

Post-9/11 Evolution of the United States’ Defining of the Terrorist Threat From Al Qaeda
IN10214
Rollins, John W.

Potential Employer Penalties under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
July 22, 2013 R41159
Mulvey, Janemarie

Preserving Homeownership: Foreclosure Prevention Initiatives
November 20, 2013 R40210
Jones, Katie

Presidential Appointments to Full-time Positions in Executive Departments during the 112th Congress
January 8, 2015 R43853
Greene, Michael

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 112th Congress
January 6, 2012 R43853
Greene, Michael

Presidential Appointments, the Senate’s Confirmation Process, and Changes Made in the 112th Congress
October 9, 2012 R41872
Carey, Maeve P.

President’s Immigration Accountability Executive Action of November 20, 2014: Overview and Issues
January 8, 2015 R43852
Kandel, William A.; et al.

President’s Immigration Accountability Executive Action of November 20, 2014: Overview and Issues
February 7, 1989 R43852
Kandel, William A.; et al.

President’s State of the Union Address: Tradition, Function, and Policy Implications
January 24, 2014 R40132
Shogan, Colleen J.; Neale, Thomas H.

Privacy: An Abridged Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act
October 9, 2012 R41734
Doyle, Charles

Privacy: An Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act
October 9, 2012 R41733
Doyle, Charles

Proposals to Change the Operation of Cloture in the Senate
January 3, 2013 R41342
Davis, Christopher M.; Heitshusen, Valerie

Proposals to Eliminate Public Financing of Presidential Campaigns
January 8, 2014 R41604
Garrett, R. Sam

Proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement: Background and Key Issues
July 19, 2012 R41107
Ilias, Shayerah

Proposed Retirement of A-10 Aircraft: Background in Brief
January 5, 2015 R43843
Gertler, Jeremiah

Proposed Retirement of A-10 Aircraft: Background in Brief
August 12, 1982 R43843
Gertler, Jeremiah

Qualifications of Members of Congress
July 10, 2014 R41946
Maskell, Jack

Reaching the Debt Limit: Background and Potential Effects on Government Operations
November 21, 2013 R41633
Levit, Mindy R.; et al.

Reauthorization of the Export-Import Bank: Issues and Policy Options for Congress
May 7, 2012 R41829
Ilias, Shayerah

Reauthorizing the Office of National Drug Control Policy: Issues for Consideration
September 30, 2014 R41535
Sacco, Lisa N.; Finklea, Kristin

Reconciliation Directives: Components and Enforcement
May 3, 2012 R41186
Lynch, Megan Suzanne

Reducing the Budget Deficit: Policy Issues
February 15, 2012 R41778
Labonte, Marc

Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: Lessons Learned and Issues for Policy Makers
November 14, 2014 R41836
Ramseur, Jonathan L.

Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
October 18, 2013 R40913
Cunningham, Lynn J.; Roberts, Beth A.

Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Overview and Issues
March 14, 2013 R40155
Schnepf, Randy; Yacobucci, Brent D.

Repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell: Issues for Congress
December 21, 2012 R42003
Burrelli, David F.

Requiring Individuals to Obtain Health Insurance: A Constitutional Analysis
April 6, 2012 R40725
Staman, Jennifer; et al.

Responsibility Determinations under the Federal Acquisition Regulation: Legal Standards and Procedures
January 4, 2013 R40633
Manuel, Kate M.

Role of TARP Assistance in the Restructuring of General Motors
May 9, 2013 R41978
Canis, Bill; Webel, Baird

Samantar v. Yousef: The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) and Foreign Officials
December 16, 2013 R41379
Elsea, Jennifer K.

Same-Sex Marriage: A Legal Overview
January 6, 2012 R43886
Perry, Rodney M.

SBA Small Business Investment Company Program
July 18, 2013 R41456
Dilger, Robert Jay

School Construction and Renovation: A Review of Federal Programs
December 6, 2013 R41142
Dortch, Cassandria

Scientific Basis of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Actions: H.R. 1422 and H.R. 4012
November 17, 2014 IN10182
Yen, Jerry H.

Selected Characteristics of Private and Public Sector Workers
March 21, 2014 R41897
Mayer, Gerald

Senior Executive Service: Background and Options for Reform
September 6, 2012 R41801
Carey, Maeve P.

Sense of Resolutions and Provisions
March 11, 2013 98-825
Davis, Christopher M.

Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes in the United States
May 22, 2013 R40097
Folger, Peter

Sex Trafficking of Children in the United States: Overview and Issues for Congress
January 6, 2012 R41878
Finklea, Kristin; et al.

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination in Employment: A Legal Analysis of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)
July 15, 2013 R40934
Feder, Jody; Brougher, Cynthia

Shale Gas Gathering Pipelines: Safety Issues
August 1, 2014 IN10123
Parfomak, Paul W.

Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense – Issues for Congress
January 21, 2015 R43838
O’Rourke, Ronald

Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense – Issues for Congress
October 24, 1989 R43838
O’Rourke, Ronald

Small Business Administration 7(a) Loan Guaranty Program
May 1, 2013 R41146
Dilger, Robert Jay

Small Business Administration and Job Creation
January 30, 2013 R41523
Dilger, Robert Jay

Small Business Administration HUBZone Program
December 17, 2013 R41268
Dilger, Robert Jay

Small Business Administration Microloan Program
November 19, 2014 R41057
Dilger, Robert Jay

Small Business Lending Fund
December 19, 2013 R42045
Dilger, Robert Jay

Small Business Mentor-Protege Programs
June 4, 2012 R41722
Dilger, Robert Jay; Manuel, Kate M.

Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues
January 3, 2014 R40860
Dilger, Robert Jay

Small Business: Access to Capital and Job Creation
February 18, 2014 R40985
Dilger, Robert Jay

Smartphone Data Encryption: A Renewed Boundary for Law Enforcement
October 17, 2014 IN10166
Finklea, Kristin

Social Security Administration (SSA): Budget Issues
March 19, 2013 R41716
Szymendera, Scott

Social Security Primer
June 17, 2013 R42035
Nuschler, Dawn

Sovereign Debt in Advanced Economies: Overview and Issues for Congress
October 28, 2013 R41838
Nelson, Rebecca M.

Spectrum Needs of Self-Driving Vehicles
October 28, 2014 IN10168
Moore, Linda K.

Spectrum Policy in the Age of Broadband: Issues for Congress
May 28, 2013 R40674
Moore, Linda K.

State Challenges to Federal Enforcement of Immigration Law: Historical Precedents and Pending Litigation
December 31, 2014 R43839
Manuel, Kate M.

State Challenges to Federal Enforcement of Immigration Law: Historical Precedents and Pending Litigation
February 7, 1989 R43839
Manuel, Kate M.

State Government Fiscal Stress and Federal Assistance
February 4, 2014 R41773
Dilger, Robert Jay

State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress
June 23, 2014 R41542
Garrett, R. Sam

State Sponsors of Acts of International Terrorism – Legislative Parameters: In Brief
December 24, 2014 R43835
Rennack, Dianne E.

State Sponsors of Acts of International Terrorism – Legislative Parameters: In Brief
February 27, 2015 R43835
Rennack, Dianne E.

State Taxation of Internet Transactions
May 7, 2013 R41853
Maguire, Steven

Status of Mexican Trucks in the United States: Frequently Asked Questions
January 3, 2014 R41821
Frittelli, John

Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Overview of U.S.C. 1831 and 1832
July 25, 2014 R42681
Doyle, Charles

Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Overview of u.s.c. 1831 and 1832
February 3, 2004 R42681
Doyle, Charles

Super PACs in Federal Elections: Overview and Issues for Congress
April 4, 2013 R42042
Garrett, R. Sam

Supervision of U.S. Payment, Clearing, and Settlement Systems: Designation of Financial Market Utilities (FMUs)
September 10, 2012 R41529
Labonte, Marc

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) : Categorical Eligibility
July 22, 2014 R42054
Falk, Gene; Aussenberg, Randy Alison

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): A Primer on Eligibility and Benefits
December 29, 2014 R42505
Aussenberg, Randy Alison

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Snap): A Primer on Eligibility and Benefits
January 6, 2012 R42505
Aussenberg, Randy Alison

Sustainability of the Federal Budget Deficit: Market Confidence and Economic Effects
December 14, 2012 R40770
Labonte, Marc

Swiss National Bank’s Recent Currency Actions
January 6, 2012 IN10230
Jackson, James K.

Synthetic Drugs: Overview and Issues for Congress
August 15, 2014 R42066
Sacco, Lisa N.; Finklea, Kristin

Tailoring the Patent System for Specific Industries
January 6, 2012 R43264
Thomas, John R.

TARP Assistance for Chrysler: Restructuring and Repayment Issues
September 7, 2012 R41940
Webel, Baird; Canis, Bill

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion
January 23, 2013 R40623
Gravelle, Jane G.

Tax Provisions That Expired in 2014 (Tax Extenders)
January 6, 2012 R43898
Sherlock, Molly F.

Tax Reform: An Overview of Proposals in the 112th Congress
October 26, 2012 R41591
Bickley, James M.

Tax-Exempt Bonds: A Description of State and Local Government Debt
January 9, 2015 RL30638
Maguire, Steven; Stupak, Jeffrey M.

Tax-Exempt Bonds: A Description of State and Local Government Debt
January 6, 2012 RL30638
Maguire, Steven; Stupak, Jeffrey M.

Temporary Assistance For Needy Families Block Grant: An Introduction
October 23, 2013 R40946
Falk, Gene

Terminating Contracts for the Government’s Convenience: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
January 6, 2012 R43055
Manuel, Kate M.; et al.

Terrorism Risk Insurance Legislation in the 114th Congress: Issue Summary and Side-by-Side Analysis
January 20, 2015 R43849
Webel, Baird

Terrorism Risk Insurance Legislation in the 114th Congress: Issue Summary and Side-By-Side Analysis
R43849
Webel, Baird

Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency Program: Overview and Current Issues
September 13, 2013 R41934
Morton, William R.

Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S. Trade Policy
August 5, 2013 R41922
Hornbeck, J. F.

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers
December 17, 2012 R42012
Collins, Benjamin

Trade Preferences: Economic Issues and Policy Options
January 10, 2013 R41429
Jones, Vivian C.; et al.

Treating Ebola Patients in the United States: Health Care Delivery Implications
November 4, 2014 IN10173
Sarata, Amanda K.

Trend in Long-term Unemployment and Characteristics of Workers Unemployed for Two Years or More
March 24, 2014 R41559
Mayer, Gerald

TRICARE and VA Health Care: Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
February 11, 2014 R41198
Panangala, Sidath Viranga; Jansen, Don J.

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP): Implementation and Status
June 27, 2013 R41427
Webel, Baird

U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations: Senate Rejections and Committee Votes Other than to Report Favorably, 1939-2013
May 29, 2014 R40470
McMillion, Barry J.

U.S. Crude Oil Export Policy: Background and Considerations
December 31, 2014 R43442
Brown, Phillip; et al.

u.s. Crude Oil Export Policy: Background and Considerations
January 6, 2012 R43442
Brown, Phillip; et al.

U.S. Energy: Overview and Key Statistics
June 27, 2014 R40187
Ratner, Michael; Glover, Carol

U.S. Farm Income
February 28, 2014 R40152
Schnepf, Randy

U.S. Government Agencies Involved in Export Promotion: Overview and Issues for Congress
January 31, 2013 R41495
Ilias, Shayerah; et al.

U.S. Infant Mortality Rate: International Comparisons, Underlying Factors, and Federal Programs
April 4, 2012 R41378
Heisler, Elayne J.

U.S. International Corporate Taxation: Basic Concepts and Policy Issues
December 2, 2014 R41852
Keightley, Mark P.; Stupak, Jeffrey M.

U.S. Postal Service: Common Questions about Post Office Closures
June 13, 2012 R41950
Kosar, Kevin R.

U.S. Postal Service’s Financial Condition: Overview and Issues for Congress
January 27, 2012 R41024
Kosar, Kevin R.

U.S. Response to the Global Threat of HIV/AIDS: Basic Facts
June 15, 2012 R41645
Kendall, Alexandra E.

U.S. Response to the Global Threat of Malaria: Basic Facts
June 15, 2012 R41644
Kendall, Alexandra E.

U.S. Response to the Global Threat of Tuberculosis: Basic Facts
June 15, 2012 R41643
Kendall, Alexandra E.

U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Economic Implications
November 8, 2000 R43895
Nelson, Rebecca M.

U.S. Tsunami Program: A Brief Overview
January 6, 2012 R41686
Folger, Peter

U.S. Wind Turbine Manufacturing: Federal Support for an Emerging Industry
December 18, 2012 R42023
Platzer, Michaela D.

U.S.-EU Poultry Dispute on the Use of Pathogen Reduction Treatments (PRTs)
November 19, 2012 R40199
Johnson, Rene

Unemployment Insurance: Consequences of Changes in State Unemployment Compensation Laws
October 30, 2013 R41859
Isaacs, Katelin P.

Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 112th Congress
September 12, 2012 R41662
Whittaker, Julie M.; Isaacs, Katelin P.

Unemployment: Issues in the 113th Congress
December 31, 2013 R41578
Gravelle, Jane G.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues
November 17, 2014 R40957
Dilger, Robert Jay; Beth, Richard S.

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
April 1, 2013 R40484
Blanchfield, Luisa

Uscis Funding and Accountability to Congress
February 7, 1989 IN10233
Kandel, William A.

Value-Added Modeling for Teacher Effectiveness
December 11, 2012 R41051
Lomax, Erin D.; Kuenzi, Jeffrey J.

Veterans Affairs: Presumptive Service Connection And Disability Compensation
November 18, 2014 R41405
Panangala, Sidath Viranga; et al.

Veterans’ Benefits: Burial Benefits and National Cemeteries
January 10, 2013 R41386
Scott, Christine

Veterans’ Benefits: Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) for Survivors
January 4, 2013 R40757
Scott, Christine

Veto Override Procedure in the House and Senate
January 6, 2012 RS22654
Rybicki, Elizabeth

Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present
March 7, 2014 R41814
Murray, Justin

Vulnerable Youth: Employment and Job Training Programs
May 11, 2012 R40929
Fernandes-Alcantara; Adrienne L.

Water Quality Issues in the 112th Congress: Oversight and Implementation
May 30, 2012 R41594
Copeland, Claudia

Water Quality Issues in the 113th Congress: An Overview
January 6, 2012 R42883
Copeland, Claudia

Welfare, Work, and Poverty Status of Female-Headed Families with Children: 1987-2013
November 21, 2014 R41917
Gabe, Thomas

What is the Current State of the Economic Recovery
December 1, 2014 IN10188
Elwell, Craig K.

When will DOD Modernize Its Electronic Health Records Systems
November 13, 2014 IN10179
Jansen, Don J.

Who’s Your Mommy/Daddy? Citizenship Policy Evolves With Medical Technology
6-Jan-12
Lee, Margaret Mikyung

Wind Energy: Offshore Permitting
October 17, 2012 R40175
Vann, Adam

Withholding of Income Taxes and the Making Work Pay Tax Credit
January 30, 2013 R40969
Topoleski, John J.

Workforce Investment Act and the One-Stop Delivery System
June 14, 2013 R41135
Bradley, David H.

World Bank Group Energy Sector Strategy
April 16, 2013 R41912
Lattanzio, Richard K.