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1 Thomas Countryman, The Consultations in Glion and Geneva: A View from the Negotiating Table: To Helsinki, via Glion: Personal Reflections 1 (2023)

handle is hein.unl/csnsigna0001 and id is 1 raw text is: l 1 o/ MIDDLE EAST WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION FREE ZONE SERIES Between 2013-2014 representatives from Arab states, Iran and Israel met to discuss convening the Middle East weapons of mass destruction free zone (ME WMDFZ) Conference, which had been mandated by the 2010 Review Conference for the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. It was the first time since the 1990s that states of the region discussed this issue face-to-face. The meetings took place mainly in Glion and Geneva, Switzerland and were facilitated by Ambassador Jaakko Laajava of Finland, and co- convened by the Russian Federation, United Kingdom, and United States, as well as the Secretary-General of the United Nations. This ME WMDFZ paper series presents firsthand, personal reflections and lessons learned by those that participated in the meetings. BACKGROUND TO THE US APPROACH The beginning of Ambassador Jaakko Laajava's mission as Facilitator coincided with the beginning of my tenure as United States Assis- tant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation (ISN) in September 2011. The ISN Bureau had worked with the United Nations, the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation to identify Finland, among several other candidates considered, to provide the Facilitator and be prepared to host a conference on the establishment of a Middle East Zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction (WMD). In my first week as Assistant Secretary, I met with a senior official for non-proliferation and arms control at the National Security Council (in the White House), who had been involved in negotiations at the 2010 Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The final document of that conference committed the United States (US),

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