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1 Working Mothers and Their Children 1 (1962)

handle is hein.peggy/mtcw0001 and id is 1 raw text is: U. S. DEPARTMENT OF Reasearch and Statistics HEALTH, EDUGATION, AND WELFARE Note No. 14 -- 1962 Social Security Administration June 20 Division of Program Research WORKING MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN* Working Mothers In March 1961, there were 8.7 million working women with children under 18 years of age, almost one-third of all mothers. The increase over the preceding year was consistent with the historical trend of the increasing number of women in the labor force--particularly since World War II. Many of these women find employment in the expanding service industries, with an appreciable amount of the employment as part-time work. Over the ten year period April 1951 to March 1961, the number of mothers in the labor force increased by 3.5 million, accounting for 37 percent of the increase in the total civilian labor force. The dramatic rise in labor force participation among mothers was concen- trated among those with husband present, as shown by the following figures: Change in Labor Force Marital Status From April 1951 to March 1961 Number Percent Ever married women with children under 18 3,450,000 65.6 Husband present 3,010,000 74.0 Other 440,000 36.9 The percentage increase for women living with husband was twice as large as for those living apart from their husband. The difference may be attributable, at least in part, to the role of public income maintenance programs. Overall, working mothers have increased from 8.4 percent of the total labor force in April 1951 to 12.1 percent in March 1961, or 42 percent in relative importance. Of the 8.7 million working mothers in April 1961, 1.6 million were widowed, divorced, or separated from their husbands. Approxi- mately one-half million of the latter had pre-school children (under 6). * Prepared in the Division of Program Research on the basis of a recent report by Jacob Schiffman, Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers, March 1961, special Labor Force Report, Number 20, supplementary unpublished data provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Bureau of the Census reports.

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