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10 Youth Violence & Juv. Just. 3 (2012)

handle is hein.journals/yvja10 and id is 1 raw text is: Articles Youth Violence and juvenile justice 10(1) 3-24 @ The Author(s) 2012 Social Adversity, Genetic Rens aeco/ndpermission n Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermnissions.nav Variation, Street Code, and DOI: 10.1177/1541204011422087 http://yvi.sagepub.comn Aggression: A Genetically OSAGE Informed Model of Violent Behavior Ronald L. Simons', Man Kit Lei', Eric A. Stewart2 Steven R. H. Beach , Gene H. Brody4, Robert A. Philiberts, and Frederick X. Gibbons6 Abstract Although the diathesis-stress model guides most genetically informed behavior science, the present study investigates the hypotheses derived from the differential susceptibility perspective. This model posits that those persons most vulnerable to adverse social environments are the same ones who reap the most benefit from environmental support. Using longitudinal data from a sample of several hundred African American males, we examined the manner in which variants in 3 genes-5- serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT), dopamine receptor gene (DRD4), and monoamine oxidase gene (MAOA)-modulate the effect of community and family adversity on adoption of the street code and aggression. We found strong support for the differential susceptibility perspective. Keywords gene-environment interaction, street code, differential susceptibility, violence Both official statistics and self-report studies have documented the high rates of criminal violence that exist in many disadvantaged African American communities (LaFree, Baumer, & O'Brien, 2010; Peterson, Krivo, & Hagan, 2006; Sampson, Morenoff, & Raudenbush, 2005). In recent years, much attention has been given to Elijah Anderson's (1999) street culture explanation for this phenomenon. Based upon his ethnographic research in Philadephia, Anderson (1997, 1999) argues Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 2Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 3Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 4Department of Child and Family Development, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 5Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 6Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA Corresponding Author: Ronald L. Simons, Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, 116 Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30606, USA Email: rsimons@uga.edu

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