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23 Wyo. L. Rev. 11 (2023)

handle is hein.journals/wylr23 and id is 1 raw text is: WYOMING LAW REVIEw VOLUME 23 2023 NUMBER 1 UNCIRCLE THE WAGONS: RECONCILING WYOMING'S REGULATORY TRADION WITH THE EASTERN SHOSHONE'S TREATY-BASED OFF-RESERVATION HUNTING RIGHTS Erick J. Franz Hughes * I. IN TRO D U CTIO N ...................................................................................... 12 II. THE GENESIS OF WYOMING'S REGULATORY TRADITION........................... 15 A. The Eastern Shoshone reserved off-reservation hunting rights in the Second Treaty of Fort Bridger ............................................... 16 B. The Marshall Trilogy and Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier Thesis collide.................................................................... 19 C. Ward v. Race Horse institutionalized Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier Thesis.............................................................................. 22 III. REINVIGORATING THE EASTERN SHOSHONES TREATY-BASED OFF-RESERVATION HUNTING RIGHTS.................................................... 30 A. Herrera's precedent and the Court's realignment of treaty interpretation returns to the foundations of Indian jurisprudence .......................... 30 B. The Herrera Court rejected Wyoming's reliance on Race Horse and the Frontier Thesis.................................................................. 33 1. Wyoming Statehood: No Extinguishment of Tribal H unting Rights...................................................................... 37 2. Bighorn National Forest: Not Categorically Occupied............... 38 C. Applying Herrera to the Second Treaty ofFort Bridger leads to a sim ilar result ....................................................................... 40 1. Treaty Text and Historical Record: Statehood not a Condition of Termination...................................................... 41 2. Several Cues in Treaty Text: A Similar Interpretation of U noccupied ......................................................................... 42 J.D., University of Wyoming College of Law (2022); M.A., History, Minnesota State University, Mankato (2012); B.A., History and Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (2010). I extend my gratitude to James Trosper and John St. Clair for sharing their time and input, Professor Jason Robison for his mentorship and confidence, as well as the Wyoming Law Review Editorial Board and staff for their commitment to the craft. Any errors or omissions are my own.

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