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4 J. Ethnicity Crim. Just. 1 (2006)

handle is hein.journals/wecj4 and id is 1 raw text is: Race and Homicide in the U.S. National Longitudinal Mortality Study Augustine J. Kposowa Glenn T. Tsunokai James P. McElvain ABSTRACT. The purpose of the study was to examine long-term trends and socioeconomic and structural covariates of homicide victim- ization. In particular, it examined black race as a risk factor, and whether its effect would be eliminated if appropriate controls are made for indicators of disadvantage, such as unemployment, low educational at- tainment, and low income. To study time trends, National Vital Statistics data were used. To examine covariate effects, data were derived from the U.S. National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Controlling for education and demographic covariates reduced the black race effect by nearly 30%. When employment status and income were taken into account, the risk was reduced by over 41%. Inner-city residence was one of the stron- gest predictors of homicide. The impact of black race was reduced but not eliminated. Support was found for social disadvantage theory, but Augustine J. Kposowa is affiliated with the Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside. Glenn T. Tsunokai is affiliated with the Department of Sociology, Western Wash- ington University. James P. McElvain is affiliated with the Riverside County Sheriff's Department and Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside. Address correspondence to: Dr. Augustine J. Kposowa, Department of Sociology, 1214 Watkins Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (E-mail: ajkposowa@att.net). Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, Vol. 4(1/2) 2006 http://www.haworthpress.com/web/JECJ @ 2006 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1300/J222v04nO1 01 1

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