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41 U. Mem. L. Rev. 787 (2010-2011)
A Memphis Dilemma: A Half-Century of Public Education Reform in Memphis and Shelby County from Desegregation to Consolidation

handle is hein.journals/umem41 and id is 795 raw text is: A Memphis Dilemma: A Half- Century of Public Education Reform in Memphis and Shelby County From Desegregation to Consolidation DANIEL KIEL 1. INTRODUCTION ................................ ......788 II. DESEGREGATION .........................................790 A. The Northcross Litigation: Initial Desegregation in Memphis City Schools (1960-71) ...............792 B. The Robinson Litigation: Initial Desegregation in Shelby County Schools 1963-71 .......... .....796 C. Northcross 1971-99: Busing, Optional Schools, and an End with a Whimper......................799 D. Robinson 1972-2009: Growth, Construction, and an End with a Bang ................ ...........802 III. PUBLIC EDUCATION IN MEMPHIS AND SHELBY CouNTY-2010 ...................................806 A. Geography ................................806 B. Governance...............................809 C. Funding ............................. .....811 D. Student Demographic Makeup.......... .......... 814 E. Student Achievement. .................... .....815 * Assistant Professor of Law, the University of Memphis Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law. Thanks so much to the staff of the University of Memphis Law Review for tireless work in readying this piece for publication, even as events in the school merger debate unfolded and as many of your law careers came to an end. Specifically, thanks to Stephanie Bada for organizing the Symposium Memphis in the Law, for which this Article was written, to Marshall Digmon for leading the task of getting this article in shape, and to Eric Setterlund for his oversight and his expert perspective on consolidation. In addi- tion, this piece would not have been possible without the many opportunities I had to present at community education forums throughout Shelby County during this critical moment-thanks to all who were involved in those events and espe- cially to M, S, and B for support and smiles that sustained me. 787

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