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25 Tul. Envtl. L.J. 99 (2011-2012)
Coal and Water: Reclaiming the Clean Water Act for Environmental Protection

handle is hein.journals/tulev25 and id is 101 raw text is: Coal and Water: Reclaiming the Clean Water Act for Environmental Protection Jason Rapp* No one has the nght to use America & rivers andAmeca & waterways, that belong to all the people, as a sewer The banks ofa river may belong to one man or one industry or one state, but the waters which flow between the banks should belong to all the people. -Lyndon B. Johnson, upon signing the Clean Water Act of 1965 I. STATUTORY AND REGULATORY BACKGROUND ....... .......... 100 A. NEPA............................ ........... 100 B. C WA................................ 101 C SMCRA ............................. ........104 D. APA ................................... .....105 II. COAL AND WATER APPLIED: CASE STUDIES IN MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL MINING ..................... 107 A. Recent Historical Developments........... ........ 107 B. History Interpreted: Judicial Sanctioning ofLenient Permitting Practices. ...................... ...... 118 III. BRAND NEW DAY: THE OBAMA EPA'S NEW APPROACH TO MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL MINING REGULATION . ............. 123 A. Enhanced Review Policies Under the Clean Water Act........................ ................123 B. EPA's New Approach Applied: TheCaseofthe Spruce No. 1 Surface Mine ................. .....130 IV. COAL STRIKES BACK? A BRIEF SURVEY OF ONGOING LITIGATION CHALLENGING EPA's NEW APPROACH ..... ...... 138 V. A PATTERN OF DEFERENCE? PENNACOENERGYINC. V. EPA....... 144 VI. DENOUEMENT ............................................. 150 * 0 2011 Jason Rapp. J.D. 2005, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2001, University of Michigan. I would like to thank Rebecca Rapp for her invaluable feedback and support and Jim Curry for his helpful thoughts and comments. I. Environmental Quotes, GRINNINGPLANETCOM, http://www.grinningplanet.com/600I/ environmental-quotes.htm#rivers (last visited Sept. 19, 2011). 99

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