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23 Trends Org. Crime 1 (2020)

handle is hein.journals/trndorgc23 and id is 1 raw text is: Trends in Organized Crime (2020) 23:1-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-020-09379-7 'Illegal labour practices, trafficking and exploitation': Check for an introduction to the special issue updates Anthony Lloyd' ( Georgios A. Antonopoulos' - Georgios Papanicolaou' Published online: 11 February 2020 O Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract This is an introduction to the articles submitted to the special issue of Trends in Organized Crime on 'Illegal Labour Practices, Trafficking and Exploitation'. The aim of the special issue is to draw together empirical research findings and theoretical accounts on the wider context to illegal labour and exploitation that has implications for identification, detection, prevention and regulation. Keywords Labour exploitation - Trafficking - Illegal labour . Labour market regulation- Neoliberalism - Policing According to a UNODC report on global trafficking in persons, the share of victims trafficked for forced labour has increased in the past decade (UNODC 2016). Whilst trafficking for sexual exploitation continues to represent over 50% of all detected trafficking cases, labour exploitation figures now approach 40%. Different purposes may drive the various forms of human trafficking, but illegal labour is an increasingly commonplace phenomenon. The International Labour Organisation (2017) reported global estimates of modern slavery at around 40 million, with 25 million people in forced labour. In the UK, the National Referral Mechanism allows 'first responder' organisations such as local authorities, charities, and NGOs to report suspected cases of 'modern slavery' or 'exploitation'. The July 2019 figures show a 40% increase in referrals compared to July 2018, with over 2300 referrals in the three-month period from April to June 2019 (Home Office 2019). The most common type of exploitation was labour exploitation. Additionally, UNODC (2016) suggest that 42% of detected victims are trafficked domestically. This corresponds with the UK's National Referral Mechanism data that 28% of all referrals were UK nationals, the highest figure for any nationality (Home Office 2019). Yet, while internal trafficking increasingly appears to be a significant issue, attention continues to focus on cross-border trafficking and the W Anthony Lloyd Anthony.Lloyd@tees.ac.uk Reader in Criminology & Sociology, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK 4_ Springer

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