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19 Trends Org. Crime 1 (2016)

handle is hein.journals/trndorgc19 and id is 1 raw text is: Trends Organ Crim (2016) 19:1-3 CrossMark DOI 10.1007/s12117-016-9266-3 Introduction to special issue William D. Moreto' Published online: 23 February 2016 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 Wildlife crime is a relatively new line of inquiry for criminologists and criminal justice scholars. Within the last decade, increasing theoretical and empirical attention has led to the development of a viable area of research within criminology and criminal justice. Moreover, growing attention from policymakers and the public has resulted in calls to further disentangle the ecological, economic, socio-cultural, and public health conse- quences of wildlife crimes. Broadly speaking, wildlife crimes include a variety of illegal activities including poaching, illegal killing of wildlife due to human wildlife conflict, and wildlife trafficking. Not surprisingly, much of the recent interest has revolved around the illegal trading of endangered fauna and flora. Estimated to generate up to $10USD billion dollars annually (excluding fisheries and timber), the illegal wildlife market is considered to be one of the largest and most lucrative black markets today (Wyler and Sheikh 2013). It has been suggested that transnational organized crime groups may be involved in the illegal wildlife trade due to the high profits that can be generated, the ability to utilize established networks and trafficking routes, and the resources to either bribe corrupt officials or coerce law- abiding ones (Zimmerman 2003). For example, Sellar (2007) argues that evidence of organized crime indicators, such as the international management of shipments, the use of forged documents and permits, and the bribery of corrupt officials signifying significant financial support, suggests the involvement of organized crime groups. Similarly, Zimmerman (2003) offers a description of organized criminal groups that may be involved in the illegal wildlife market: groups of locals who sell illegal contraband for income, mafia-style groups that purchase the contraband from locals and subsequently sell the product for profit and, major international smuggling rings, who may be involved in other illegal markets. In both cases, as one moves down the offender categories more organization and specificity in products tends to be present, as well as the overt focus on profitability. W William D. Moreto William.Moreto@ucf.edu Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida, 12805 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL 32816-1600, USA t_ Springer

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