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6 Temp. Int'l & Comp. L.J. 217 (1992)
Class Actions for Continental Europe - A Preliminary Inquiry

handle is hein.journals/tclj6 and id is 223 raw text is: CLASS ACTIONS FOR CONTINENTAL EUROPE? A PRELIMINARY INQUIRY Richard B. Cappalli t Claudio Consolott I. INTRODUCTION (CAPPALLI & CONSOLO) ........................ 218 II. CAPPALLI ON THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE ..................... 221 A . In G eneral ................................................ 221 B. Class Action Goals ........................................ 224 C. The 1966 Revision of Rule 23 .............................. 225 D. How the Class Process Works .............................. 228 E . Is It Fair? ................................................. 233 F. Public Actions Are Different ............................. 238 III. ILLUSTRATIVE USES OF RULE 23 .............................. 240 A. Consumer Protection: General Law ......................... 240 B. Consumer Protection: Special Statutes ....................... 244 C. Environmental Harms and other Mass Torts . ............. 248 IV. THE VOLUME OF CLASS LITIGATION ........................... 255 V. THE PROSPECTS IN ITALY ..................................... 261 VI. CONSOLO ON THE ITALIAN REACTION .......................... 264 A. Object of These Reflections ................................ 264 B. Advanced Economies Would Benefit From the Class Action's Social Contribution ........................................ 266 C. Historical Evolution: The Class Suit as Enforcer of the Social Duties of M ega-Interests ................................... 271 D. The 1966 Reform: The Aconceptual, Flexible, Facilitative Norm (With Some Supreme Court Resistance) .............. 273 E. Standing and the Object of the Class Action Suit ............ 274 F. Towards a Reconstruction .................................. 275 1. The Process of Simultaneously Representing All Rights by Means of One Representative: A Critique ............... 277 2. The Procedure Concerning Claims by a Plaintiff in His Own Name and Right with Wider Binding Effects on the Common Question: A Critique ......................... 278 3. The Proposed Thesis. The Process Concerns a Creditor's Claim Asserted Collectively by the Class as Plaintiff or Else Equipped with a Subjective Existence Shaped by Office of t Charles Klein Professor of Law and Government, Temple University School of Law; B.A. 1962, Williams College; J.D. 1965, Columbia University; L.L.M. 1974, Yale University. tt Professor of Civil Procedure, University of Milan Faculty of Law; J.D. 1978, University of Padua.

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