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70 Tax L. Rev. 513 (2016-2017)
Race and Class Segregation and Local Public Policy

handle is hein.journals/taxlr70 and id is 533 raw text is: Race and Class Segregation and Local Public Policy JESSICA TROUNSTINE* I. INTRODUCTION In 2012, the Manhattan Institute issued a report entitled The End of the Segregated Century, declaring that all-white neighborhoods are effectively extinct.' Though not all demographers share the opti- mism of the authors Edward Glaeser and Jacob Vigdor, many trumpeted the decline of neighborhood segregation in the United States following the release of the 2010 Census.2 While segregation between neighborhoods has declined, another type of segregation has remained remarkably stable, even rising in the post-war period. Seg- regation between cities is persistent along both race and economic lines.3 This means that while integration within cities has increased, cities as a whole have become less racially and economically diverse over time. As a result, a greater share of total segregation in metro- politan areas is now accounted for across cities rather than within them.4 This is what is commonly understood as the process of suburbanization. Scholars have shown that residential location profoundly affects life chances as a result of access to employment opportunities and social networks;5 but location also affects access to public policy. Because local governments in the United States have the ability to raise reve- nue and distribute public goods, segregation between cities pro- * Associate Professor of Political Science, University of California, Merced 1 Edward Glaeser & Jacob Vigdor, Manhattan Inst. Ctr. for State and Local Leadership, Civic Rep. No. 66, The End of the Segregated Century: Racial Separation in America's Neighborhoods, 1890-2010, at 3 (2012), https://www.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/cr_66.pdf. 2 See, e.g., William H. Frey, Diversity Explosion: How New Racial Demographics Are Remaking America (2015). 3 See Claude S. Fischer, Gretchen Stockmayer, Jon Stiles & Michael Hout, Distinguish- ing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960- 2000, 41 Demography 37, 53-54 (2004); Douglas S. Massey & Zoltan L. Hajnal, The Chang- ing Geographic Structure of Black-White Segregation in the United States, 76 Soc. Sci. Q. 527, 538-40 (1995). 4 See Fischer et al., note 3, at 53-54. 5 See, e.g., Robert J. Sampson, Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neigh- borhood Effect (2012); Patrick Sharkey, Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress Toward Racial Equality (2013). 513 Imaged with the permission of Tax Law Review of New York University School of Law

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