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16 Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev. 379 (2005)
Human Trafficking in the United States: Expanding Victim Protection beyond Prosecution Witnesses

handle is hein.journals/stanlp16 and id is 383 raw text is: HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE UNITED
STATES: EXPANDING VICTIM PROTECTION
BEYOND PROSECUTION WITNESSES
Hussein Sadruddin,t Natalia Waltert & Jose Hidalgot*
IN TRO DU CTIO N  .......................................................................................... 380
I. THE CRIME OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING & THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS
PROTECTION    ACT  OF  2000  .............................................................. 382
A. The Nature of the Crime ............................................. 382
B. Legislation to Fight Trafficking: The Trafficking Victims
Protection  A ct  ............................................................................... 384
C. The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003 ....... 390
II. PROTECTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS IN THE UNITED
STATES: AN UNMET OBJECTIVE OF U.S. ANTI-TRAFFICKING
L A W S  ............................................................................................... 39 1
A . M any  V ictim s, Few  Protected  ............................................................. 391
B. Victim s Versus Victim -W itnesses ....................................................... 395
C. Hurdles to  Imm igration  Benefits ......................................................... 397
III. MEDICAL RESEARCH EXPLAINS TRAUMATIZED TRAFFICKING
VICTIMS' DIFFICULTY IN COOPERATING WITH LAW
E NFORCEM   ENT  ................................................................................ 398
A. Survival Mode: The Body's Normal Response to Threats .................. 399
B. Post-traum atic  Stress D isorder ............................................................. 401
C. Biological Correlates of PTSD & Conditioning of Survival
All of the authors work with victims of human trafficking. Hussein Sadruddin is a
civil rights attorney in Dallas who has been representing immigrants and trauma victims
since 1999. Mr. Sadruddin served as an Open Society Institute Post-Graduate Justice Fellow
and is currently a member of the State Bar of Texas Immigration and Nationality Committee.
 Natalia Walter is an attorney who has worked for the Catholic Legal Immigration
Network (CLINIC) and the International Rescue Committee, representing unaccompanied
immigrant children, detained immigrants, and refugees. She is also an instructor at Southern
Methodist University's Intensive English Program.
tt, Dr. Jose Hidalgo is on the faculty of the Trauma Center in Boston and program
director of Project REACH, the Trauma Center's federally funded program to provide crisis
mental health services for victims of human trafficking. He is also an instructor in the
Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. The authors gratefully acknowledge
the assistance of Dr. David Tam and Dr. Elizabeth K. Hopper.

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