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46 San Diego L. Rev. 415 (2009)
Evidence and Ideology in Assessing the Effectiveness of Financial Literacy Education

handle is hein.journals/sanlr46 and id is 419 raw text is: Evidence and Ideology in Assessing the
Effectiveness of Financial Literacy
Education
LAUREN E. WILLIS*
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.      FINANCIAL LITERACY EDUCATION AS FINANCIAL REGULATION ......................... 416
II.     THE IMPLICIT MODEL OF EFFECTIVE FINANCIAL
LITERA CY  EDUCATION  ....................................................................................... 421
III.    THE LIMITS OF EXISTING RESEARCH ON FINANCIAL
LITERA CY  EDUCATION  ....................................................................................... 424
A .  D ata  R eliability  Issues ............................................................................. 425
1.  Self-R ep orts  ...................................................................................... 425
2.  Unrepresentative  Samples  ................................................................ 429
3. Barriers to Better Data Collection Methods ..................................... 430
B.   Research  D esign  Issues  ........................................................................... 432
1.  C onfounds  ......................................................................................... 432
2.  Inadequate  C ontrols  ......................................................................... 435
3.  Barriers to Better Research Design .................................................. 438
C.   M easurem ent Issues ................................................................................. 441
*   Associate Professor of Law, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles (laurenwillis@ls.edu).
Helpful comments from Michael Herron, Alan Natapoff, Doug Stenstrom, Estelle
Young, and participants at the National Research Symposium on Financial Literacy and
Education in Washington, D.C.; the 11 th International Conference on Consumer Law in
Cape Town, South Africa; the 7th International Consumer Financial Services Conference
in Brussels, Belgium; the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's 2008 Policy Summit; and
the 2008 Association of American Law Schools Annual Meeting in New York, New
York, are gratefully acknowledged. Thanks also to Jonathan Alon and Scott Street for
research assistance. All errors are the author's alone.

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