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25 San Diego L. Rev. 879 (1988)
Racial Subordination through Formal Equal Opportunity

handle is hein.journals/sanlr25 and id is 891 raw text is: Racial Subordination Through Formal Equal Opportunity ROY L. BROOKS* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 881 II. FORMAL EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ........................................ 885 11. THE BLACK M IDDLE CLASS .......................................... 898 A. Defining Characteristics ......................................... 898 B. The Subordination Question ..................................... 902 1. Dominant Class Problems .................................... 902 2. Racial Subordination ........................................ 913 a. Strict Scrutiny Test .................................. 913 b. Title VII ............................................ 917 3. Sum m ary .................................................. 926 IV. THE BLACK WORKING CLASS ......................................... 928 A. Defining Characteristics ......................................... 928 B. The Subordination Question ..................................... 931 1. Dominant Class Problems .................................... 931 a. H ousing ............................................ 932 b. Education ........................................... 934 1) Primary Education ............................... 934 2) Higher Education ................................ 936 2. Racial Subordination ........................................ 937 a. H ousing ............................................ 937 1) Intent Test ...................................... 937 2) Strict Scrutiny Test .............................. 942 3) Fair Housing Act ................................ 945 4) Damages and Protracted Litigation ................. 947 b. Education ........................................... 949 1) Primary Education ............................... 949 2) Higher Education ................................ 953 3. Sum m ary .................................................. 958 V. THE BLACK UNDERCLASS ............................................ 960 A. Defining Characteristics ......................................... 960 B. The Subordination Question ..................................... 964 1. Dominant Class Problems .................................... 964

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