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15 Rev. Econ. Rsch. on Copyright Issues 1 (2018)

handle is hein.journals/rvwoecrh15 and id is 1 raw text is: Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, 2018, vol. 15(1), pp. 1-19 THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF GLOBAL ANTI-PIRACY POLICIES TYLOR ORME ABSTRACT. In recent decades, the problem of illegal downloading of copyrighted material has emerged as a major concern for governments across the globe. Many countries have implemented policies to limit the impact of online piracy on revenues of creative industries. These policies, while important for a broad range of industries, have been particularly lobbied for and supported by the motion pictures industry. Film production and distribution companies have repeatedly asserted that effective anti-piracy policy is crucial to their continued success. This paper seeks to evaluate whether the anti-piracy regimes in OECD countries have been effective. It also seeks to determine whether there are patterns to the types of policies that have been especially effective or ineffective. 1. INTRODUCTION The study of online piracy in the film industry largely evolved from prior economic research on the importance of copyright and intellectual property regimes. Varian (2005) focuses on the importance of un-enforceable copyright in the evolution of piracy. McKen- zie's (2012) review of the economic literature on the motion pictures industry discusses factors that make the film industry susceptible to online piracy, and the difficulty of ad- dressing these concerns, are addressed in. The impact of piracy on the film industry has not always been easy to establish. Early work relied on survey data to determine whether individuals who had pirated films were more or less likely to attend paid screenings of films in theaters. Bounie, Bourreau and Waelbroeck (2006) used data from French university students. They found that students who had downloaded films illegally were more likely to pay to rent or buy films in the future. They also found evidence that those in the same social circle as illegal download- ers were more likely to pay to see films. DeVany and Walls (2007) found contradictory evidence. Their study utilized data on the number of available download links for various films. Results of this study show that, controlling for film characteristics, films that were more readily available online also have lower average boxoffice revenues. McKenzie and I

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