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2022 RSIL L. Rev. [1] (2022)

handle is hein.journals/rsil2022 and id is 1 raw text is: PAKISTAN AUTOMOTIVE LEGISLATION: DRIVING EMISSIONS UP OR SLOWING THEM DOWN? STEPHANIE TSANG MUHAMMAD ADIL Stephanie Tsang received her LL.B. and LL.M. at the University of Edinburgh and her Postgraduate Certificate in Laws at City University of Hong Kong. She is also a New York State-qualified attorney. Muhammad Adil is a graduate of the University of London, he is currently working as a lawyer in Islamabad and is also a global research fellow at the Global Institute of Law. ABSTRACT The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has sounded an extremely urgent alarm to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to avoid catastrophic climate change. However, despite this warning to act, 43% of all harmful emissions in Pakistan can be attributed to the country's transport industry, including the automotive sector. This paper discusses greenhouse gas and other dangerous gas emissions standards along with their policing in the automobile sector in Pakistan, in juxtaposition to similar international standards, against the background of environmental law. It considers domestic and international legislation regarding automotive manufacturing guidelines on the control and policing of emissions and the fuel policy in Pakistan. It also critiques the electric vehicle policy in Pakistan that is being spearheaded by the government as a sustainable solution to the global environmental crisis, given that Pakistan is in the thick of being the fifth most populous country in the world. Both governmental and international bodies have done much research on Pakistan's current environmental position. To this end, this paper aims to uncover how legislation in Pakistan has enabled vehicle emissions to reach this environmental tipping point and provide workable policy changes and recommendations that can be incorporated into future emissions regulations and legislation, specifically in relation to automobiles. KEYWORDS: United Nations, Climate Change, Pakistan, Automobiles, Environmental Law, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Harmful Emissions. 1. INTRODUCTION Pakistan's transport industry has been instrumental in the country's development. However, it has also played a significant role in the country's environmental degradation, with the Food and Agriculture Organization attributing 43% of all harmful emissions to the transport sector in Pakistan in a 2019 report measuring emissions in rice-growing districts.1 The United Nations Environment Programme also estimates that a quarter of all energy-related greenhouse gas emissions originate from the transport industry.2 Greenhouse gases ('GHG') is an umbrella term 1 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 'FAO Report Analyzes the Causes of Smog in Punjab Focusing on Agriculture' (Food and Agiculture OrganiZation of the United Nations, 5 February 2019) <https: / /www.fao.org/pakistan/news /detail-events /en/c /1179183/> accessed on 28 April 2022. Despite its limited geographical scope, the report is the only recent one apportioning emissions in Pakistan. 2 United Nations Environment Programme, 'Transport' (UN Entironment Programme) <https: / /www.unep.org/explore-topics /energv/what-we-do /transport> accessed 26 April 2022.

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