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15 Rev. Eur. Comp. & Int'l Envtl. L. 1 (2006)

handle is hein.journals/reel15 and id is 1 raw text is: RECIEL 15 (1) 2006. ISSN 0962 8797 The 2005 World Summit: UN Reform, Security, Environment and Development Joy Hyvarinen This article reviews the negotiations leading up to the High-Level Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, which centred on United Nations reform, a review of the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and a follow-up of major UN conferences. The article con- siders the human security concept and the different perspectives of developed and developing countries in environmental negotiations. It provides an overview of the negotiations in the months before the Summit. The final part of the article considers the outcome of the World Summit and institutional questions related to the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the new UN Peace-Building Commission. INTRODUCTION This article reviews the environment and development issues addressed in the negotiations that were held in preparation for the High-Level Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly (hereinafter 'the 2005 World Summit'), which focused on United Nations reform, a review of the Millennium Declara- tion and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and a follow-up of major UN conferences. After a background section on the Millennium Declara- tion' and the MDGs, the article considers the environ- mental Millennium Development Goal (MDG-7) and different perspectives in environmental negotia- tions. It provides background to current UN reform discussions, before touching on the human security concept, which offers a framework for linking environ- ment and development issues with the 'traditional' security issues at the centre of the UN reform negotia- tions. It considers the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change.2 The article reviews the UN Secretary-General's proposals for reform and key issues in the negotiations prior to the 2005 World 1 United Nations Millennium Declaration (A/RES/55/2, 8 September 2000). 2 A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, Report of the Secretary-General's High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, in Note by the Secretary-General: Follow-Up to the Outcome of the Millennium Summit (A/59/565, 2 December 2004). @ 2006 The Author. Journal compilation @ 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road, Summit. The final part of the article considers the outcome of the Summit and institutional changes, with a focus on the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Peace-Building Commission, before providing conclusions. THE MILLENNIUM DECLARATION AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS The year 2005 marked the sixtieth anniversary of the UN. The anniversary coincides with the first 5-year review of the Millennium Declaration, intended as a comprehensive review of progress since the year 2000. From 14 to 16 September 2005, the High-Level Plenary Meeting of the UN General Assembly considered UN reform and reviewed progress on the Millennium Declaration and follow-up of major UN conferences. In 2000, world leaders at the UN Millennium Summit adopted the Millennium Declaration. This set out commitments for the international community in the following areas: *0 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0 peace, security and disarmament; development and poverty eradication; protecting our common environment; human rights, democracy and good governance; protecting the vulnerable; meeting the special needs of Africa; and strengthening the UN.3 The section of the Millennium Declaration that deals with development and poverty eradication provides the basis for the eight MDGs. In the MDGs, the overarching 3 See Millennium Declaration, n. 1 above. 4 The MDGs emerged from consultations involving the UN Secre- tariat, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank, aimed at harmonizing reporting on the development goals contained in the Millennium Declaration and other international development goals. See Report of the Secretary-General: Road Map towards the Implementation of the United Nations Millennium Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Maiden, MA 02148, USA. 1

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