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44 R.D.U.S. 1 (2014)

handle is hein.journals/rdus44 and id is 1 raw text is: ARTICLE L'INTERPRETATION DE LA CRIMINALISATION DE LA TRAITE DES ETRES HUMAINS EN DROIT PENAL CANADIEN A L'AUNE DU PROTOCOLE DE PALERME: ANALYSE DE L'ARRET URIZAR DE LA COUR D'APPEL DU QUEBEC par Kristine PLOUFFE-MALETTE * Enjanvier 2013, la Cour d'appel du Qubbec a prononc la premiere d~cision d'un tribunal d'appel canadien interpritant les dispositions du Code criminel adopties en 2005, lesquelles mettent en a-uvre le Protocole de Palerme et criminalisent la traite des 6tres humains. Le tribunal sup~rieur a affirm qu'aucun franchissement d'une fronti~re, par l'un quelconque des acteurs, n'est n~cessaire e la reconnaissance de la perpitration de la traite des 6tres humains. Or, si une lecture attentive du Protocole permet cette conclusion, I'intention du Idgislateur canadien s'avre, sur ce point, ambigud en ce qu'il ne fait aucune distinction entre la traite interne et la traite internationale. En l'absence d'une intention claire, il estpermis de conclure comme l'a fait la Cour, e une protection accrue de l'ensemble des victimes, canadienne ou 6trang~re. De plus, I'analyse de l'arrat Urizar fait ressortir les inaddquations des ddfinitions nationales et internationales de la traite, lesquelles engendrent des probl~mes d'interpritation. Finalement, les plus r~centes modifications Idgislatives devraient militer en faveur de l'adoption d'un double critbre objectif-subjectif dans l'6valuation de l'exploitation sous-jacente e l'infraction de traite des 6tres humains. In January 2013, the Quebec Court of Appeal rendered for the first time, a decision of a Canadian appellate court interpreting certain Criminal Code provisions adopted in 2005, implementing the Palermo Protocol and criminalizing human trafficking. The Court concluded that actual border-crossing by any of the perpetrators was not required for the human-trafficking offence to apply. However, if a careful reading of the Protocol indeed leads to this conclusion, the stated intent of Parliament remains ambiguous since the law makes no distinction between internal and international trafficking. In the absence of a clearly stated intent, one may conclude, as did the Court of Appeal, that greater protection of all victims, domestic and foreign is provided. Moreover, an analysis of the Urizar decision underlines the inadequacies of the definitions provided of national and international human trafficking, thus creating problems of interpretation. Finally, these most recent legislative changes argue in favour of adopting a dual objective-subjective criterion in assessing the notion of exploitation which underlies the crime of human trafficking. *. Candidate au doctorat en droit, Universite de Sherbrooke. Avocate et chargee de cours, Universite de Montreal, Universite de Sherbrooke et Universite du Quebec A Montreal.

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