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37 R.D.U.S. 1 (2006-2007)

handle is hein.journals/rdus37 and id is 1 raw text is: ARTICLE A LA RECHERCHE D'UN STATUT JURIDIQUE POUR LES MIGRANTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX TRANSFRONTALIERS: LA PROBLEMATIQUE DE LA NOTION DE REFUGIE* par Pierre-Franqois MERCUREt Le nombre de personnes contraintes de se diplacer a la suite de disastres environnementaux augmentera significativement au cours des prochaines dicennies. Ce sont principalement les modifications lentes de l'environnement, notamment les changements climatiques, qui seront a l'origine des mouvements de populations. L'analyse qui suit tente de ddmontrer que les solutions au probl~me des migrants environnementaux transfrontaliers ne peuvent &tre envisagdes sans rdviser le concept de l'Etat-nation qui sert d'assise aux relations internationales. Par ailleurs, elles ne sont pas praticables sans que l'conomie mondiale soit adaptie a la gestion des prioccupations cologiques globales. Ces avenues constituent des prialables incontournables a l'laboration d'une stratigie intigrde afin d'encadrer les vagues croissantes de migrants environnementaux. L'tude expose aussi que ces derniers peuvent difficilement invoquer, avec succs, le statut de rifugid afin de demander l'asile politique. Il serait prdfirable d'envisager l'laboration d'un cadre normatif spdcifique a leur situation. Il est alors possible, soit de modifier les conventions existantes, soit d'dlaborer une convention adaptie au contexte particulier des personnes victimes de modifications de l'environnement. The coming decades will witness a significant increase in the number of displaced persons due to environmental disasters. Slowly evolving environmental changes, notably climate changes, will provoke the shifting of populations. The present study seeks to establish that one cannot contemplate resolution of the problem of transborder environmental migration without reexamining the concept of the Nation State, which serves as the basis of international relations. Moreover, the solutions proposed cannot be applied unless the world economy is adapted so as to address worldwide environmental concerns. These adaptations are unavoidable prerequisites to the elaboration of an integrated strategy intended to cope with the growing waves of environmental migrants. This article also points out that these migrants cannot successfully invoke refugee status in order to claim political asylum. It is preferable to set out a specific normative framework for people in this situation. It would thus be possible to either modify existing conventions or to draft a new convention adapted to the particular situation of victims of environmental changes. Ce texte constitue une version remanie d'une communication pr6sent6e le 13 novembre 2005 A la Facult6 de droit de l'Universit6 d'Ain Chams an Caire, dans le cadre d'un colloque organis6 par le R6seau Droits de l'homme de l'Association des universit6s francophones. L'auteur remercie le Fonds qu6b6cois de la recherche sur la soci6t6 et la culture de son soutien financier pour la pr6sentation de la communication et la pr6paration de ce texte. ? Professeur A la Facult6 de droit de l'Universit6 de Sherbrooke.

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