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15 Psych. Inj. & L. 1 (2022)

handle is hein.journals/psyinjl15 and id is 1 raw text is: Psychological Injury and Law (2022) 15:1-21 https://doi.org/l0.1007/si2207-022-09444-2 Assessing Negative Response Bias Using Self-Report Measures: New Articles, New Issues Luciano Giromini' - Gerald Young2 - Martin Sellbom3 Received: 20 December 2021 / Accepted: 2 February 2022 / Published online: 23 February 2022 @The Author(s) 2022 Abstract In psychological injury and related forensic evaluations, two types of tests are commonly used to assess Negative Response Bias (NRB): Symptom Validity Tests (SVTs) and Performance Validity Tests (PVTs). SVTs assess the credibility of self- reported symptoms, whereas PVTs assess the credibility of observed performance on cognitive tasks. Compared to the large and ever-growing number of published PVTs, there are still relatively few validated self-report SVTs available to professionals for assessing symptom validity. In addition, while several studies have examined how to combine and integrate the results of multiple independent PVTs, there are few studies to date that have addressed the combination and integration of information obtained from multiple self-report SVTs. The Special Issue of Psychological Injury and Law introduced in this article aims to help fill these gaps in the literature by providing readers with detailed information about the convergent and incremental validity, strengths and weaknesses, and applicability of a number of selected measures of NRB under different conditions and in different assessment contexts. Each of the articles in this Special Issue focuses on a particular self-report SVT or set of SVTs and summarizes their conditions of use, strengths, weaknesses, and possible cut scores and relative hit rates. Here, we review the psychometric properties of the 19 selected SVTs and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we make tentative proposals for the field to consider regarding the number of SVTs to be used in an assessment, the number of SVT failures required to invalidate test results, and the issue of redundancy when selecting multiple SVTs for an assessment. Keywords Malingering - Negative response bias - SVTs - Symptom validity - Self-report The expression negative response bias (NRB) refers to a tendency to generate less implied healthy or more pathological test results than would be expected based on the overall level of adjustment of the test-taker (Dyonisus et al., 2011; Franzen & Iverson, 2000; Rogers & Bender, 2018). In contrast to terms that have a motivational component, such as malingering or deception, NRB constitutes a response style on instruments, without any inference of motivation. Another term often used to achieve a similar non-inferential connotation is overreporting (Ben- Porath, 2013). However, we argue that NRB likely has an even broader meaning, as it encompasses both the Luciano Giromini luciano.giromini@unito.it Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 2 Glendon College, York University, Toronto, Canada 3 Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand overreporting (or overstatement) of experienced problems and the underreporting (or understatement) of psychological resources and strengths. In addition, we would also like to point out that NRB is distinct from both positive response bias, in which the examinee tries to look overly healthy or good, and content-unrelated distortion, in which the content of the item(s) or task(s) is not the reason the examinee does not respond in an appropriate or truthful manner to it. Definitional issues aside, it is now agreed that the credibility of presented psychological problems cannot be taken for granted in forensic and related assessment contexts, and that the possibility of NRB should always be considered when conducting forensic assessments (Sherman et al., 2020; Sweet et al., 2021). To determine whether NRB is present, professionals should use multiple sources of information (APA, 2013; Sweet et al., 2021). With regard to psychological tests, Larrabee (2012) described two types of instruments that address NRB. Tests evaluating the credibility of self- reported symptoms are considered Symptom Validity 9 Springer

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