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2 Pace Intell. Prop. Sports & Ent. L.F. 1 (2012)

handle is hein.journals/pipself2 and id is 1 raw text is: Football v. Football: A Comparison of Agent Regulation in France's Ligue 1
and the National Football League
Thomas A. Baker 1111, Darren A. Heitner2, Jean Francois Broqard3, and Kevin K. Byon4
I. Introduction
French football and American football are two very different sports that share a common
name. Although, when it comes to the degree of fan interest, any variance between the sports is
as subtle as the distinction between pommes frites and french fries.5 The mania in Marseille for
those who play the beautiful game is just as strong as the passion in Pittsburgh for their
warriors of the gridiron. This high level of fan interest has transformed both forms of football
into billion-dollar industries. Ligue 1 (LI), the premier professional football league in France,
I Thomas A. Baker III, J.D., Ph.D., is an assistant professor at the International Center for Sport Management at the
University of Georgia. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Florida and his J.D. from Loyola University in
New Orleans School of Law and is a member of the Louisiana Bar Association. Dr. Baker and Mr. Heitner share
first authorship on this article.
2 Darren A. Heitner, Esq. is an attorney with Wolfe Law Miami, P.A., and focuses on sports, entertainment, and
intellectual property litigation and transactional work. He is the Founder/CEO of DYNASTY DEALINGS, LLC,
Professor of Sport Agency Management at Indiana University Bloomington, Co-Founder of Collegiate Sports
Advisors (CSA), and the Founder/Chief Editor of Sports Agent Blog, a leading niche industry publication. In 2010,
Darren was named to Miami, Florida's Power 30 Under 30 in the Sports category along with the MLB's Hanley
Ramirez, NBA's Udonis Haslem, and NFL's Ronnie Brown. In 2011, Darren was named to SportsPro Media's 10
NEXT, which honors ten stars of the sports business industry under the age of 30 that have achieved a level of
success that is truly rare at such a young age. In 2012, Darren was chosen as a Florida Legal Elite Up and Comer
for 2012 (top attorneys in Florida under 40 years of age).
3 Jean Francois Brocard is the Secretary General of the International Association of Sports Economists. Brocard
conducts research on sport economics that focuses on the intermediation of the labor market of professional athletes
in Europe and in the United States. In 2009 he was is a member of a group conducted by the European Commission
that was dedicated to the study of sport agent regulation in Europe. He has masters degrees in both management and
in economics from the Ecole Normale Sup6rieure and is currently pursuing his Ph.D. at the Center for Law and
Economics of Sport in Limonges.
4 Kevin K. Byon is an assistant professor of sport management at the International Center for Sport Management at
the University of Georgia. Byon conducts research on consumer behavior of sport and has a secondary focus on
commercial regulation of sport. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Florida in Sport Management and also holds
degrees from Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania and Hannam University.
5 French fries are an American derivative of pommes frites. The only distinction between the two fried potato
products is that pommes frites are fried twice while french fries are typically fried only once; although some
establishments do fry french fries twice.

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