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14 Law & Ineq. 275 (1995-1996)
Enforced Apostasy: Zaheeruddin v. State and the Official Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan

handle is hein.journals/lieq14 and id is 281 raw text is: Enforced Apostasy: Zaheeruddin v. State and the Official Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan M. Nadeem Ahmad Siddiq* Table of Contents Introduction ............................................... 276 I. The Ahmadiyya Community in Islam .................. 278 II. History of Ahmadis in Pakistan ........................ 282 III. The Decision in Zaheerudin v. State ................... 291 A. The Pakistan Court Considers Ahmadis Non- M uslim s ........................................... 292 B. Company and Trademark Laws Do Not Prohibit Ahmadis From Muslim Practices ................... 295 C. The Pakistan Court Misused United States Freedom of Religion Precedent .............................. 299 D. Ordinance XX Should Have Been Found Void for Vagueness ......................................... 314 E. The Pakistan Court Attributed False Statements to Mirza Ghulam Almad ............................. 317 F. Ordinance XX Violates Islamic Law ................ 320 G. The Zaheeruddin Decision Incites Violence ......... 323 IV. International Human Rights Law ...................... 325 Conclusion ................................................. 327 Appendix I ................................................. 329 Appendix II ................................................ 331 Appendix III ............................................... 333 Appendix IV ............................................... 334 Appendix V ................................................ 335 Appendix VI ............................................... 337 * B.A. (Graduation with Distinction), University of Toronto, 1992. J.D., Uni- versity of Minnesota Law School, expected 1996. The author thanks dear friends, Mujeeb-ur-Rahman, Pakistan Supreme Court Advocate, Michele Brandt, Riddhi Jani, Chris Lee, and the Editorial Board of Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice, particularly, Amy Chiericozzi, Kent Klaudt, and James McConnell. The author also thanks his parents, Mian Mohammad and Shaukat Akhtar Siddiq, for their love and support. This article is dedicated to the memories of Hazrat Sir Muhammad Zafrullah Khan (d. 1986), former President of the International Court of Justice and Hazrat Mian Hyat Mohammad (d. 1953), the author's maternal grandfa-

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