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40 J. Value Inquiry 1 (2006)

handle is hein.journals/jrnlvi40 and id is 1 raw text is: The Journal of Value Inquiry (2006) 40:1-22            © Springer 2007
DOI 10.1007/s10790-007-9013-8
The Idea of a Duty to Love
S. MATTHEW LIAO
Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Littlegate House, 16/17 St Ebbes St,
Oxford, OX] IPT, UK; e-mail: matthew.liao@philosophy.ox.ac.uk
1. A Commandability Objection
Can there be a duty to love someone? The kind of love we will consider is
the kind of highly intense interaction that two human beings seek that
involves not only strongly valuing another person for the person's sake
and wanting to promote the person's well-being for the person's sake, but
also desiring to be physically and psychologically close to each other and
desiring that the other person reciprocates our love.1 This kind of inter-
action features in romantic love, parental love, love between friends, and
the love of children for their parents.
A well-known argument against the possibility of a duty to love of this
kind is the commandability objection. It is generally accepted, after the
Kantian point of ought implies can, that to have a duty to do something,
the action must be commandable. We must be able to bring about the action
with success or, as some would say, at will. Love is, however, not com-
mandable, because it is an emotion and emotions are not commandable. We
cannot bring about emotions with success or at will. Therefore, there cannot
be a duty to love. Kant, a proponent of this objection, says the following:
Love is a matter of feeling, not of willing, and I cannot love be-
cause I will to, still less because I ought to (I cannot be constrained
to love); so a duty to love is an absurdity.3
Similarly, Richard Taylor says,
Love and compassion are passions, not actions, are therefore
subject to no terms of duties or moral obligations.... Love, as a
feeling, cannot be commanded, even by God, simply because it is
not up to anyone at any given moment how he feels about his
neighbor or anything else.4

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