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4 J. Free Speech L. 1 (2023)

handle is hein.journals/jfspl4 and id is 1 raw text is: PLATFORM TRANSPARENCY AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT Daphne Keller* I. In trodu ction ................................................................................................... . . 2 II. The NetChoice Transparency Rules and Key Precedent ............................... 9 A. The Texas and Florida Transparency Laws ......................................... 9 B. Case H istory and Key Precedent..............................................................16 III. The Threat: State Influence on Platforms' Content Moderation...............20 A . Enforcem ent Problem s ........................................................................ 22 1. E xam ples ...................................................................................... . 24 2. Tailoring possibilities ................................................................. 30 B . Burden Problem s .................................................................................. 31 1. G en erally ...........................................................................................3 1 2. E xam ples ...................................................................................... . 37 3. Tailoring possibilities ................................................................. 39 C. Regulating Speech About Speech........................................................ 40 1. Platform s as newspapers ............................................................ 41 2. Speech about speech ................................................................... 44 IV. The Goals: What Are Transparency Laws Supposed to Achieve ?.................51 A. Consumer Protection Goals and Zauderer......................................... 54 1. Stretching Zauderer to cover systemic platform disclosures......55 2. Narrowing Platform Disclosures to Fit Within Zauderer...........60 I am indebted to Alex Abdo, Corbin Barthold, Ashutosh Bhagwat, Anupam Chander, evelyn douek, Eric Goldman, Ellen Goodman, Gautam Hans, Ramya Krishnan, Genevieve Lakier, Nate Persily, Amanda Shanor, Brandon Silverman, Rebecca Tushnet, Caitlin Vogus, and Eugene Volokh for their feedback on this Article; and to Afi Blackshear and Evan Engel for indefatigable research assistance. 1

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